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CLOES: cross-layer optimal energy scheduling mechanism in a smart distributed multi-microgrid system

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Abstract

Optimal scheduling of multi-microgrids is one of the important tasks in multi-microgrid operations as it is an effective way to enhance operational and economic performance. However, with the presence of varied distributed dispatchable and non-dispatchable generation and loads in different microgrids make the optimal scheduling very challenging. This paper presents a cross-layer optimal energy scheduling (CLOES) mechanism in a multimicrogrid system, covering different elements of a community in a smart city such as industry, commercial/office, single residence and multi-dwelling unit with their varied nature of distributed generations and loads. The cross-layer sequential coordinated operations are performed between two layer i.e. lower and upper layer. The lower layer consists of different microgrids, whereas the upper layer comprises distribution system operator. The cross-layer sequential interactions between upper and lower layer lead to an optimal energy scheduling for each microgrid which is essential for the reliability of a multi-microgrid system. The importance of internal and external trading prices is described in a unique way for energy trading in a multi-microgrid system. The simulation result and discussions show the effectiveness of the proposed CLOES in terms of cost reduction in a multi-microgrid system compared to the independent external trading of each individual microgrid with the utility grid.

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Abbreviations

DG:

Distributed generation

DERs:

Distributed energy resources

PV:

Photovoltaics

EMS:

Energy management strategy

DSO:

Distribution system operator

RES:

Renewable energy resources

CHP:

Combined heat and power

MCCA:

Microgrid central controller agent

ESS:

Energy storage system

EV:

Electric vehicle

SOC:

State of charge

MILP:

Mixed integer linear programming

UG:

Utility grid

MG:

Microgrid

MMG:

Multimicrogrid system

\(E_{t}^{CHPmin}\) :

Min production of CHP at t

\(E_{t}^{CHPmax}\) :

Max production of CHP at t

\(C_{t}^{CHP}\) :

Energy production cost in CHP

\(\lambda _{t}^{GBP}\) :

Grid buying price

\(\lambda _{t}^{GSP}\) :

Grid selling price

\(\lambda _{t}^{MBP}\) :

Microgrid buying price

\(\lambda _{t}^{MSP}\) :

Microgrid selling price

\(E_{t}^{PVI}\) :

PV energy production in industry

\(E_{t}^{PVSR}\) :

PV energy production in single-residence

\(E_{t}^{PVMU}\) :

PV energy production in multi-dwelling Unit

\(L_{t}^I\) :

Load demand in industry

\(L_{t}^C\) :

Load demand in commercial building

\(L_{t}^{SR}\) :

Load demand in single-residence

\(L_{t}^{MU}\) :

Load demand in multi-dwelling MG

\(\eta _{c}\), \(\eta _{d}\) :

Charging and discharging Efficiency

\(E_{t}^{ESS,max}\) :

Max energy capacity of ESS

\(E_{t}^{ESS,min}\) :

Min energy capacity of ESS

\(E_{t}^{ESSmax,ch}\) :

Max charging power

\(E_{t}^{ESSmax,dis}\) :

Max discharging power

\(t_i\) :

Time slot/interval

\(p_t^c\) :

Preference value for charging

\(p_t^d\) :

Preference value for discharging

\(E_{t}^{CHP}\) :

Energy production amount by CHP

\(E_{i,t}^{D}\) :

Deficit energy of ith MG

\(E_{i,t}^{S}\) :

Surplus energy of ith MG

\(E_{t}^{ID}\) :

Deficit energy of industrial MG

\(E_{t}^{CD}\) :

Deficit energy of commercial MG

\(E_{t}^{SRD}\) :

Deficit energy of single-residence MG

\(E_{t}^{MUD}\) :

Deficit energy of multi-dwelling Unit MG

\(E_{t}^{IS}\) :

Surplus energy of industrial MG

\(E_{t}^{SRS}\) :

Surplus energy of single-residence MG

\(E_{t}^{MUS}\) :

Surplus energy of multi-dwelling unit MG

\(E_{i,t}^{M,Sell}\) :

Selling energy amount of ith MG to other MG

\(E_{i,t}^{Sell}\) :

Selling energy amount of ith MG to UG

\(E_{i,t}^{M,Buy}\) :

Buying energy amount of ith MG from MG

\(E_{i,t}^{Buy}\) :

Buying energy amount of ith MG from UG

\(E_{t}^{ESSC,ch}\) :

Charging energy in commercial building

\(E_{t}^{ESSC,dis}\) :

Discharging energy in commercial building

\(E_{t}^{EV,ch}\) :

Charging energy in EV

\(E_{t}^{EV,dis}\) :

Discharging energy in EV

\(E_{t}^{ESSMU,ch}\) :

Charging energy in multi-dwelling unit

\(E_{t}^{ESSMU,dis}\) :

Dis-charging energy in multi-dwelling unit

\(u_t^{ESS}\) :

Binary variable if ESS is charging

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India

    Nitesh Funde, Meera Dhabu & Parag Deshpande

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  1. Nitesh Funde
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  2. Meera Dhabu
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  3. Parag Deshpande
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Correspondence to Nitesh Funde.

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Funde, N., Dhabu, M. & Deshpande, P. CLOES: cross-layer optimal energy scheduling mechanism in a smart distributed multi-microgrid system. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11, 4765–4783 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01745-1

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