Abstract
As the ideal transportation mode for the last mile trips of the residents in the city, shared bicycles are becoming more and more popular, and the market of the shared bicycles is experiencing rapid development. The explosive growth of shared bicycles brings many conveniences but also issues. There are many shared bicycles illegally parked around the areas where people are concentrated, which not only caused huge traffic impact, but also affected the normal life of urban residents seriously. Although there have been many studies on public bicycles before, the research on shared bicycles is scattered, fragmented, and there are few quantitative studies. To explore the current operation status of shared bicycle, the cause of the problem, management methods, and provide practical suggestions and opinions on the future operation and development of shared bicycles in the city, after investigating the shared bicycle travel data in Yangpu District, Shanghai, the data obtained is summarized and analyzed with the statistical methods. AMOS and SPSS22.0 are used to analyze the data in depth in this paper. Also, with the establishment of hypothesis, a path diagram and structural equation model is proposed, and path coefficient is calculated. The model is identified, evaluated, and corrected. The extent of the influence of the factors on user satisfaction of the shared bicycle is determined. All the latent variables proposed in this paper passed the significance test. Moreover, there are significant positive correlations between various factors analyzed in this paper and user satisfaction of shared bicycles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Austwick MZ, O’Brien O, Strano E, Viana M (2013) The structure of spatial networks and communities in bicycle sharing systems. PLoS One 8(9):e74685
Buck D, Buehler R (2011) Bike lanes and other determinants of capital bikeshare trips. In: Paper presented at the transportation research board annual meeting 2012, Washington, DC. Conference paper
Buck D, Buehler R, Happ P, Rawls B, Chung P, Borecki N (2013) Are bikeshare users different from regular cyclists? Transp Res Rec 2387(1):112–119
Campbell AA, Cherry CR, Ryerson MS, Yang S (2016) Factors influencing the choice of shared bicycles and shared electric bikes in Beijing. Transp Res Part C 67:399–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.03.004
Cerny CA, Kaiser HF (1977) A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivar Behav Res 12(1):43–47
Chen X (2017) Research on the management idea of shared bicycle parking in Shanghai. Transp Port Car 4(3):35–44
Cortina JM (1993) What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16(3):297–334
Cui M (2011) Analysis of urban residents’ public bicycle trips based on customer satisfaction—taking Wuhan City as an example. Mod Bus Ind 9:125–126
Darani ZS, Kaedi M (2017) Improving the interactive genetic algorithm for customer-centric product design by automatically scoring the unfavorable designs. Hum Centric Comput Inf Sci 7:38–56
DeMaio P (2009) Bike-sharing: history, impacts, models of provision, and future. J Public Transp 12(3):41–56. https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.12.4.3
Economic Information Daily (2019) Sharing bicycles into the second half, strengthening supervision and avoiding deviations. Retrieved February 19, 2019 from http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-02/19/c_1124132222.htm
Fishman E (2015) Bikeshare: a review of recent literature. Transp Rev 36(2016):92–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1033036
Fishman E, Washington S, Haworth N (2013) Bike Share: a synthesis of the literature. Transp Rev 33:148–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2013.775612
Fishman E, Washington S, Haworth N (2014a) Bike share’s impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.013
Fishman E, Washington S, Haworth N, Mazzei A (2014b) Barriers to bike sharing: an analysis from Melbourne and Brisbane. J Transp Geogr 41:325–337
Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y, Daniel M, Foumier M, Morenc P, Drouin L (2013) Impact evaluation of a public bicycle share program on cycling: a case example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec. Am J Public Health 103(3):85–92
Gauthier A et al (2013) The Bike-share planning guide. https://www.itdp.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/04.-Bike-Share-Planning-Guide.pdf. Accessed 4 Apr 2014
Handy S, Wee BV, Maarten K (2014) Promoting cycling for transport: research needs and challenges. Transp Rev 34:4–24
Hox JJ, Becher TM (1999) An introduction to structural equation modeling. Family Sci Rev 11:354–373
Huysmans S, van Iperen W (2017) Kopgroep huur-en deelfiets-initiatieven. Rapportage, Tour de Force
Jensen P, Rouquier J-B, Ovtracht N, Robardet C (2010) Characterizing the speed and paths of shared bicycle use in Lyon. Transp Res Part D: Trans Environ 15(8):522–524
Ji J, Hu W (2015) Research on the influencing factors of public satisfaction of urban public transportation in China—based on the empirical analysis of “2012 Lien China Urban Public Service Quality Survey”. Soft Sci 29(6):10–14
Kager R, Harms L (2017) Synergies from improved cycling-transit integration: towards an integrated urban mobility system. In: Proceedings of the international transport forum, Tokyo, pp 1–36
Kaplan D (2008) Structural equation modeling: foundations and extensions, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks (ISBN 978-1412916240)
Kline RB (2011) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press, New York
LDA Consulting (2013). 2012 Capital Bikeshare Member Survey Report. LDA Consulting, Washington, DC. https://d21xlh2maitm24.cloudfront.net/wdc/cabi-2012surveyreport.pdf?mtime=20161206135939. Accessed 22 May 2013
Liddle B, Lung S (2010) Age-structure, urbanization, and climate change in developed countries: revisiting STIRPAT for disaggregated population and consumption-related environmental impacts. Population and Environment 31(5):317–343. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59579/. Deposited 31 Oct 2014
Lin JR, Yang TH (2011) Strategic design of public bicycle sharing systems with service level constraints. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 47(2):284–294
Liu L, Li Y, Xu G (2011) An empirical study on the satisfaction of public bicycle service in Wuhan City. Logist Eng Manag 5:116–117
Malaquias Bandeira E (2018) Urban bicycle sharing systems and their role as egress mode on commuters’ mode choice. Eindhoven University of Technology
Martens K (2004) The bicycle as a feedering mode: experiences from three European countries. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 9(4):281–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2004.02.005
Martin EW, Shaheen SA (2014) Evaluating public transit modal shift dynamics in response to bike sharing: a tale of two U.S. cities. J Transp Geogr 41:315–324
Meddin R, DeMaio P (2018) The bike-sharing world map. http://www.bikesharingmap.com/. Accessed 1 Mar 2018
Midgley P (2011) Bicycle-sharing schemes: enhancing sustainable mobility in urban areas. UNDESA Background Paper No. 8, May 2011.https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/dsd/resources/res_pdfs/csd-19/Background-Paper8-P.Midgley-Bicycle.pdf
Mirri S, Roccetti M, Salomoni P (2018) Collaborative design of software applications: the role of users. Hum Centric Comput Inf Sci 8:6–26
Mobike Company and Beijing Tsinghua United Planning and Design Institute LTD (T-H-U-P-D-I) (2017) White paper of shared bike and urban development (Chinese)
Mohanty S, Bansal S, Bairwa K (2017) Effect of integration of bicyclists and pedestrians with transit in New Delhi. Transp Policy 57:31–40
Pucher JE, Buehler RE (2012) City cycling. MIT Press, Cambridge
Puello LLP, Geurs K (2015) Modelling observed and unobserved factors in cycling to railway stations: application to transit-oriented-developments in the Netherlands. Eur J Transp Infrastruct Res 15(1):27–50
Redman L, Friman M, Gärling T, Hartig T (2013) Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: a research review. Transp Policy 25:119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.11.005
Rex K (2011) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd edn. Guilford, New York (ISBN 978-1-60623-876-9)
Schreiber JB, Nora A, Stage FK, Barlow EA, King J (2006) Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: a review. J Educ Res 99:323–338
Shah V (2018) Citi Bike 2017 analysis. https://towardsdatascience.com/citi-bike-2017-analysis-efd298e6c22c. Accessed 21 May 2018
Shaheen SA, Guzman S, Zhang H (2010) Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia past, present, and future. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 2143:159–167. https://doi.org/10.3141/2143-20
Shaheen SA, Zhang H, Martin E, Guzman S (2011) Hangzhou public bicycle: understanding early adoption and behavioral response to bike sharing in Hangzhou, China. Transp Res Rec 2247(1):34–41
Shaheen SA, Martin E, Cohen AP, Finson R (2012) Public bikesharing in North America: early operator and user understanding. Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose
Shaheen SA, Martin EW, Chan ND, Cohen AP, Pogodzinski M (2014) Public bikesharing in North America during a period of rapid expansion: understanding business models, industry trends and user impacts. Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose. http://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/1131-public-bikesharing-business-models-trends-impacts.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2014
Shelat S, Huisman R, van Oort N (2018) Analyzing the trip and user characteristics of the combined bicycle and transit mode. Res Transp Econ 69:68–76
Wang J, Zhang Z, Li B, Lee S, Sherratt RS (2014) An enhanced fall detection system for elderly person monitoring using consumer home networks. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron 60(1):23–29
Wang G, Liu S, Xia Y (2017a) Sharing bike and urban sustainable development. Urban Transp China 15(3):90–97 (Chinese)
Wang J, Cao J, Ji S, Park JH (2017b) Energy efficient cluster-based dynamic routes adjustment approach for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. Supercomputing 73(7):3277–3290
Wang J, Gao Y, Liu W, Sangaiah AK, Kim H (2019a) Energy efficient routing algorithm with mobile sink support for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 19(7):1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071494
Wang J, Gu X, Liu W, Sangaiah AK, Kim H (2019b) An empower Hamilton loop based data collection algorithm with mobile agent for WSNs. Hum Centric Comput Inf Sci 9:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-019-0179-4
Weng J, Lin P, Liang Q, Alivanistos D, Ma S (2018) The impact of weather condition and built environment on public bike sharing trips in Beijing. In: Proceedings of the 97th annual meeting of the transportation research board, pp 1–6
Wikipedia (2019) Shanghai. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai#cite_note-Geohiveworld-13
Wu B, Jiang L (2013) Construction of public satisfaction evaluation system for urban public bicycle system. Modern Business and Industry 19:91–93
Yang L, Ning Z, Feng M (2015) Simultaneous optimization of transit network and public bicycle station network. J Cent S Univ 22(4):1574–1584
Yin Y, Xu Y, Xu W, Gao M, Yu L, Pei Y (2017a) Collaborative service selection via ensemble learning in mixed mobile network environments. Entropy 19(7):358
Yin Y, Xu W, Xu Y, Li H, Yu L (2017b) Collaborative QoS prediction for mobile service with data filtering and slope one model. Mob Inf Syst 7356213:1–14
Yin C, Ding S, Wang J (2019) Mobile marketing recommendation method based on user location feedback. Hum Centric Comput Inf Sci 9(1):1–17
Zhang D, Xu X, Yang X (2015) User Satisfaction and Its Impacts on the Use of a Public Bicycle System. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 2512(1):56–65
Zhang B, Zeng MH, Chen QY, Hu QZ (2016) Research on quality, satisfaction and loyalty of urban public transport service based on SEM. Mathematical Statistics and Management 35(2):198–205
Zhao P, Li S (2017) Bicycle-metro integration in a growing city: the determinants of cycling as a transfer mode in metro station areas in Beijing. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 99:46–60
Zhou S (2017) Study on influence factors of satisfaction of shared bicycle user: in the case of kunming. Logist Technol 36(4):35–39
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Humanities and Social Sciences Cultivation Fund Project of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology: SK18YB14.
Funding
This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant numbers 61772454, 61811530332, 61811540410.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xia, X., Jiang, H. & Wang, J. Analysis of user satisfaction of shared bicycles based on SEM. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 13, 1587–1601 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01422-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01422-y