Abstract
Goods turnover is the core of digital warehouse operation, including many processes, such as receiving, picking, and packing of goods. Analyzing goods turnover data can generate valuable insights for optimizing warehouse management, thereby improving operation efficiency. However, most existing methods focus on partial processes, making it hard for warehouse managers to understand the operation state and the goods turnover patterns, which often require the analysis of the interrelated processes of goods turnover. In this paper, we abstract six types of goods turnover events to describe the warehouse operation workflow and present WarehouseLens, a visual analytics system to analyze goods turnover from an overall perspective. To understand the warehouse operation state, we propose a temporal visualization method consisting of a novel state calendar view and an improved circular heat map to reflect the trend and periodicity pattern of the operation state. To explore the goods turnover patterns, we provide an improved parallel coordinate plot for users to view the attribute distribution of goods to filter key goods and a tailored mode circle view to discover the frequent outbound mode of goods. Three case studies and expert interviews on a real-world warehouse dataset demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of WarehouseLens in revealing the warehouse operation state and goods turnover patterns.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bai J, Li Z, Lin Y (2022) The application analysis of game theory on double eleven. In: 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022), Atlantis Press, pp 377–382, https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.060
Bräuer P, Mazarakis A (2020) Visualization of turnover rate in a warehouse using augmented reality: a demo with the microsoft hololens. In: Alt F, Schneegass S, Hornecker E (eds) Mensch und Computer 2020 - Tagungsband, Magdebug, Germany, September 6-9, 2020. ACM, pp 519–522, https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410422
Cogo E, Žunić E, Beširević A, et al (2020) Position based visualization of real world warehouse data in a smart warehouse management system. In: 2020 19th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH), IEEE, pp 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOTEH48170.2020.9066323
De Koster R, Le-Duc T, Roodbergen KJ (2007) Design and control of warehouse order picking: a literature review. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 182(2):481–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.07.009
Deng Z, Weng D, Liu S, Tian Y, Xu M, Wu Y (2023) A survey of urban visual analytics: advances and future directions. Comput Vis Media 9(1):3–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0275-7
Du F, Plaisant C, Spring N, et al (2016) Eventaction: Visual analytics for temporal event sequence recommendation. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), pp 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2016.7883512
Fang W, Zheng S, Liu Z (2019) A scalable and long-term wearable augmented reality system for order picking. In: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), pp 4–7, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2019.00016
Fu S, Dong H, Cui W et al (2018) How do ancestral traits shape family trees over generations? IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 24(1):205–214. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744080
Gu J, Goetschalckx M, McGinnis LF (2007) Research on warehouse operation: a comprehensive review. Eur J Oper Res 177(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.02.025
Guo X, Yu Y, Koster RBD (2016) Impact of required storage space on storage policy performance in a unit-load warehouse. Int J Prod Res 54(8):2405–2418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1083624
Guo Y, Guo S, Jin Z et al (2022) Survey on visual analysis of event sequence data. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(12):5091–5112. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3100413
Guo S, Jin Z, Chen Q, et al (2019) Visual anomaly detection in event sequence data. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData), Los Angeles, CA, USA, December 9-12, 2019. IEEE, pp 1125–1130, https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData47090.2019.9005687
Han J, Pei J, Yin Y (2000) Mining frequent patterns without candidate generation. ACM SIGMOD Rec 29(2):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/342009.335372
Hou Y, Wang C, Wang J et al (2022) Visual evaluation for autonomous driving. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(1):1030–1039. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114777
Jaghbeer Y, Hanson R, Johansson MI (2020) Automated order picking systems and the links between design and performance: a systematic literature review. Int J Prod Res 58(15):4489–4505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1788734
Jin Z, Cui S, Guo S et al (2020) Carepre: an intelligent clinical decision assistance system. ACM Trans Comput Heal 1(1):1–20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3344258
Jo J, Huh J, Park J et al (2014) Livegantt: interactively visualizing a large manufacturing schedule. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 20(12):2329–2338. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346454
Krstajic M, Bertini E, Keim DA (2011) Cloudlines: compact display of event episodes in multiple time-series. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 17(12):2432–2439. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.179
Kruskal JB (1964) Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29(1):1–27
Lee CKM, Lv Y, Ng KKH et al (2018) Design and application of internet of things-based warehouse management system for smart logistics. Int J Prod Res 56(8):2753–2768. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1394592
Li C, Cao M, Wen X, Zhu H, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhu M (2022) MDIVis: visual analytics of multiple destination images on tourism user generated content. Vis Inform 6(3):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visinf.2022.06.001
Likert R (1932) A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch Psychol 22(140):1–55
Lin Y, Wong K, Wang Y et al (2021) Taxthemis: interactive mining and exploration of suspicious tax evasion groups. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(2):849–859. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030370
Li H, Xu M, Wang Y, et al (2021) A visual analytics approach to facilitate the proctoring of online exams. In: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445294
Mei H, Eisner J (2017) The neural hawkes process: A neurally self-modulating multivariate point process. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017, December 4-9, 2017, Long Beach, CA, USA, pp 6754–6764
Mu X, Xu K, Chen Q, et al (2019) Moocad: Visual analysis of anomalous learning activities in massive open online courses. In: EuroVis (Short Papers), pp 91–95, https://doi.org/10.2312/evs.20191176
Nguyen PH, Henkin R, Chen S et al (2020) VASABI: hierarchical user profiles for interactive visual user behaviour analytics. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 26(1):77–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2019.2934609
Pan JCH, Shih PH, Wu MH et al (2015) A storage assignment heuristic method based on genetic algorithm for a pick-and-pass warehousing system. Comput Ind Eng 81:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.12.010
Perer A, Gotz D (2013) Data-driven exploration of care plans for patients. In: Mackay WE, Brewster SA, Bødker S (eds) 2013 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’13, Paris, France, April 27 - May 2, 2013, Extended Abstracts. ACM, pp 439–444, https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468434
Perer A, Wang F (2014) Frequence: Interactive mining and visualization of temporal frequent event sequences. In: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp 153–162, https://doi.org/10.1145/2557500.2557508
Pinto ARF, Nagano MS (2019) An approach for the solution to order batching and sequencing in picking systems. Prod Eng Res Dev 13:325–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-019-00904-4
Plaisant C, Mushlin R, Snyder A, et al (1998) Lifelines: using visualization to enhance navigation and analysis of patient records. In: AMIA 1998, American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, November 7-11, 1998. AMIA
Ramtin F, Pazour JA (2015) Product allocation problem for an as/rs with multiple in-the-aisle pick positions. IIE Trans 47(12):1379–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/0740817X.2015.1027458
Sedlmair M, Meyer MD, Munzner T (2012) Design study methodology: Reflections from the trenches and the stacks. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 18(12):2431–2440. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.213
Sun D, Huang R, Chen Y et al (2020) Planningvis: a visual analytics approach to production planning in smart factories. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 26(1):579–589. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2019.2934275
Tang J, Zhou Y, Tang T et al (2022) A visualization approach for monitoring order processing in e-commerce warehouse. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(1):857–867. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114878
Tappia E, Roy D, Melacini M et al (2019) Integrated storage-order picking systems: Technology, performance models, and design insights. Eur J Oper Res 274(3):947–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.10.048
Tarigonda A, Hymes B, Nikonovich-Kahn A (2018) E-commerce flow management in fulfillment centers through data visualization. In: International Conference on HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations, Springer, pp 767–778, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91716-0_60
Viégas F, Wattenberg M, Hebert J, et al (2013) Google+ripples: A native visualization of information flow. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web. Association for Computing Machinery, p 1389–1398, https://doi.org/10.1145/2488388.2488504
Vrotsou K, Johansson J, Cooper M (2009) Activitree: interactive visual exploration of sequences in event-based data using graph similarity. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 15(6):945–952. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2009.117
Wang Q, Mazor T, Harbig T et al (2022) Threadstates: state-based visual analysis of disease progression. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(1):238–247. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114840
Wang Y, Peng T, Lu H et al (2022) Seek for success: a visualization approach for understanding the dynamics of academic careers. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 28(1):475–485. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114790
Wongsuphasawat K, Gotz D (2012) Exploring flow, factors, and outcomes of temporal event sequences with the outflow visualization. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 18(12):2659–2668. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.225
Wongsuphasawat K, Shneiderman B (2009) Finding comparable temporal categorical records: A similarity measure with an interactive visualization. In: 4th IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology, IEEE VAST 2009, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, October 11-16, 2009, part of VisWeek 2009. IEEE Computer Society, pp 27–34, https://doi.org/10.1109/VAST.2009.5332595
Xu P, Mei H, Ren L et al (2017) Vidx: visual diagnostics of assembly line performance in smart factories. IEEE Trans Visl Comput Graph 23(1):291–300. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598664
Xu H, Farajtabar M, Zha H (2016) Learning granger causality for hawkes processes. In: Proceedings of the 33nd International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2016, New York City, NY, USA, June 19-24, 2016, JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings, vol 48. JMLR.org, pp 1717–1726
Yang P, Miao L, Xue Z et al (2015) Variable neighborhood search heuristic for storage location assignment and storage/retrieval scheduling under shared storage in multi-shuttle automated storage/retrieval systems. Transp Res Part E Logist Transp Rev 79:164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2015.04.009
Zhang W, Wong JK, Wang X, et al (2022) Cohortva: a visual analytic system for interactive exploration of cohorts based on historical data. In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics pp 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209483
Zhao J, Drucker SM, Fisher D, et al (2012) Timeslice: interactive faceted browsing of timeline data. In: Tortora G, Levialdi S, Tucci M (eds) International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 2012, Capri Island, Naples, Italy, May 22-25, 2012, Proceedings. ACM, pp 433–436, https://doi.org/10.1145/2254556.2254639
Zhao J, Liu Z, Dontcheva M, et al (2015) Matrixwave: Visual comparison of event sequence data. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 259–268, https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702419
Zhen L, Li H (2022) A literature review of smart warehouse operations management. Front Eng Manag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-021-0178-9
Zhong R, Lan S, Xu C et al (2015) Visualization of rfid-enabled shopfloor logistics big data in cloud manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7702-1
Acknowledgements
This research is partially supported by the School-City Cooperation Special Fund Project (2020CDSN-02) and School-City Strategic Cooperation Project (2021CDSN-13). We would like to thank the industry sponsor Sichuanwulianyida Technology Co., Ltd. for providing with the data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, F., Li, J., Wang, F. et al. WarehouseLens: visualizing and exploring turnover events of digital warehouse. J Vis 26, 977–998 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-023-00913-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-023-00913-7