Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

3-D flow visualization of axisymmetric jets at Reynolds number 6,700 and 10,200

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Visualization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A recently developed 3-D flow visualization system is used to capture instantaneous 3-D images in the near-field of an axisymmetric jet at Reynolds number 6,700 and 10,200. The 3-D images, which are acquired through the scanning of a pulsed MHz-rate laser sheet, have spatial resolution of up to 312 × 260 × 100 voxels and time resolution of 100 μs, producing effectively instantaneous, high-resolution 3-D images of the jet. These images represent the first truly volumetric flow visualization images to be captured in the near-field of a jet over this range of Reynolds numbers. The images show the formation of large-scale axisymmetric vortex rings along with the formation of counter-rotating streamwise vortex pairs that surround the periphery of the jet in a periodic manner and co-exist with the ring vortices. The azimuthal frequency of the streamwise vortices increases with Reynolds number from 10 to 14 structures around the circumference at Re = 6,700 to 18–22 structures at Re = 10,200. In some instances, the streamwise vortices are observed to maintain their phase and span across several vortex rings in the streamwise direction. In other instances, however, the streamwise vortices display abrupt changes in the downstream direction. The images also display a complex interaction between the vortex rings and streamwise structures in the transition region near the end of the potential core illustrating the importance of the streamwise vortices on the evolution of the jet flow.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agui JC, Hesselink L (1988) Flow visualization and numerical analysis of a co-flowing jet: a three-dimensional approach. J Fluid Mech 191:19–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal LP, Roshko A (1986) Streamwise vortex structure in plane mixing layers. J Fluid Mech 170:499–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogey C, Bailly C (2009) Turbulence and energy budget in a self-preserving round jet: direct evaluation using large eddy simulation. J Fluid Mech 627:129–160

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GL, Roshko A (1974) On density effects and large structure in turbulent mixing layers. J Fluid Mech 64(4):775–816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brücker C (1996) 3-D scanning-particle-image-velocimetry: technique and application to a spherical cap wake flow. Appl Sci Res 56:157–179. doi:10.1007/BF02249379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Citriniti JH, George WK (2000) Reconstruction of the global velocity field in the axisymmetryic mixing layer utilizing the proper orthogonal decomposition. J Fluid Mech 418:137–166

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen J, Wygnanski I (1987) The evolution of instabilities in the axisymmetric jet. Part 1. The linear growth of disturbances near the nozzle. J Fluid Mech 176:191–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crow SC, Champagne FH (1971) Orderly structure in jet turbulence. J Fluid Mech 48:547–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm WJ, Southerland KB (1997) Experimental assessment of Taylor’s hypothesis and its applicability to dissipation estimates in turbulent flows. Phys Fluids 9:2101–2107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm WJ, Southerland KB, Buch KA (1991) Direct, high resolution, four-dimensional measurements of the fine scale structure of Sc ≫ 1 molecular mixing in turbulent flows. Phys Fluids A 3:1115–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimotakis PE (2000) The mixing transition in turbulent flows. J Fluid Mech 409:69–98

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Elsinga G, Scarano F, Wieneke B, van Oudheusden B (2006) Tomographic particle image velocimetry. Exp Fluids 41:933–947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganapathisubramani B, Lakshminarasimhan K, Clemens NT (2008) Investigation of three-dimensional structure of fine scales in a turbulent jet by using cinematographic stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. J Fluid Mech 598:141–175

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hinsch KD (2002) Holographic particle image velocimetry. Meas Sci Technol 13:R61–R72

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori T, Sakakibara J (2004) High-speed scanning stereoscopic PIV for 3D vorticity measurements in liquids. Meas Sci Tech 15:1067–1078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussein H, Capp SP, George WK (1994) Velocity measurements in a high-Reynolds-number, momentum-conserving, axisymmetry, turbulent jet. J Fluid Mech 258:31–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung D, Gamard S, George WK (2004) Downstream evolution of the most energetic modes in a turbulent axisymmetric jet at high Reynolds number. Part 1. The near-field region. J Fluid Mech 514:173–204

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Choi H (2009) Large eddy simulation of a circular jet: effect of inflow conditions on the near field. J Fluid Mech 620:383–411

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lempert WR, Wu P, Zhang B, Miles RB, Lowrance JL, Mastracola V, Kosonocky WF (1996) Pulse burst laser system for high speed flow diagnostics. In: Proceedings of the AIAA 34th aerospace sciences mtg. AIAA paper 96-0179

  • Liepmann D, Gharib M (1992) The role of streamwise vorticity in the near-field entrainment of round jets. J Fluid Mech 245:643–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda T, Sakakibara J (2005) On the vortical structure in a round jet. Phys Fluids 17:025106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meslem A, El Hassan M, Nastase I (2010) Analysis of jet entrainment mechanism in the transitional regime by time-resolved PIV. J Vis 14:41–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mi J, Nobes DS, Nathan GJ (2001) Influence of jet exit conditions on the passive scalar field of an axisymmetric jet. J Fluid Mech 432:91–125

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Panchapakesan NR, Lumley JL (2006) Turbulence measurements in axisymmetric jets of air and helium. Part 1. Air jet. J Fluid Mech 246:197–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira F, Gharib M (2001) Defocusing digital particle image velocimetry and the three-dimensional characterization of two-phase flows. Meas Sci Tech 13:683–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad RR, Sreenivasan KR (1990) Quantitative three-dimensional imaging and the structure of passive scalar fields in fully turbulent flows. J Fluid Mech 216:1–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds WC, Parekh DE, Juvet PJD, Lee MJD (2003) Bifurcation and blooming jets. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 35:295–315

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Thurow BS, Lynch KP (2009) Development of a high-speed three-dimensional flow visualization technique. AIAA J 47:2857–2865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thurow BS, Satija A, Lynch K (2009) Third-generation megahertz-rate pulse burst laser system. Appl Opt 48:2086–2093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Violato D, Scarano F (2011) Three-dimensional evolution of flow structures in transitional circular and chevron jets. Phys Fluids 23:124104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernet MP (1999) Fuzzy logic enhanced digital PIV processing software. In: 18th international congress on instrumentation for aerospace simulation facilities

  • Widnall SE, Sullivan JP (1973) On the stability of vortex rings. Proc R Soc Lond 332:335–353

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wu P, Lempert W, Miles R (2000) Megahertz pulse-burst laser and visualization of shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction. AIAA J 38:672–679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wygnanski I, Fiedler H (1969) Some measurements in the self-preserving jet. J Fluid Mech 38:577–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoda M, Hesselink L, Mungal MG (1994) Instantaneous three-dimensional concentration measurements in the self-similar region of a round high-Schmidt-number jet. J Fluid Mech 279:313–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yule AJ (1978) Large-scale structure in the mixing layer of a round jet. J Fluid Mech 89:413–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the US Army Research Office. We wish to thank Hadland Imaging for use of the Shimadzu HPV-2 camera. We also wish to thank John Reid and Archie Weldon with assistance in testing and building components of the laser system. We would also like to thank Dr. Mark Wernet at NASA Glenn Research Center for providing PIV image processing software.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Kyle P. Lynch & Brian S. Thurow

Authors
  1. Kyle P. Lynch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brian S. Thurow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian S. Thurow.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lynch, K.P., Thurow, B.S. 3-D flow visualization of axisymmetric jets at Reynolds number 6,700 and 10,200. J Vis 15, 309–319 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-012-0141-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-012-0141-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation