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Diplodus Protein Hydrolysates: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties and Identification of Biopeptides

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Abstract

Purpose

Diplodus annularis is an underutilized protein-rich fish resource which is sold at a low cost. In this work, the valorization of Diplodus proteins as a source of bioactive protein hydrolysates is proposed.

Methods

Hydrolysates from Diplodus proteins were prepared using alcalase and savinase enzymes at optimal conditions and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated. The hydrolysate that revealed the highest biological properties was fractionated by RP-HPLC and peptide fractions implied in bioactivity were determined using a peptidomic approach.

Results

The antioxidant properties of the hydrolysates were evaluated using various in vitro assays. The hydrolysate generated by savinase (DPH-S) generally exhibited a greater antioxidant activity across all the considered methods, in terms of ferrous chelating activity (\({IC}_{50}\)=2.19 mg mL−1), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability (\({IC}_{50}\)=3.76 mg mL−1) and reducing power activity (1.92 ± 0.12). Moreover, the alcalase-generated hydrolysate (DPH-AL) exhibited the highest β-carotene bleaching inhibitory effect (\({IC}_{50}\)=4.41 mg mL−1). The antibacterial activities of hydrolysates were also assessed. DPH-S exhibited the most important inhibitory effects against five strains of bacteria. It was chosen to undergo fractionation and purification by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) into ten fractions and then identified by peptidomics approach. F4 which contained 408 peptides with molecular mass lower than 3000 Da, displayed the highest antioxidant activites and had significantly the highest percentage of bacteria inhibition against bacterial species (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results revealed that DPH-S and its peptide fractions could be a new potential source for preparing natural antioxidants and antibacterials applied in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

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Data Availability

The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited with the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (Perez-Riverol et al., 2019) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD041672. (Reviewer account details: Username: reviewer_pxd041672@ebi.ac.uk, Password: QLN5ONea).

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Funding

This research was funded by the Alibiotech research program, which is financed by European Union, France, and the French region Hauts-de-France. The HPLC–MS/MS experiments were performed on the REALCAT platform funded by a French governmental subsidy managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) within the framework of the “Future Investments” program (ANR-11- EQPX-0037)”. The Hauts-de-France region and the FEDER, the Ecole Centrale de Lille, and the Centrale Initiatives Foundation are also warmly acknowledged for their financial contributions to the acquisition of REALCAT platform equipment.

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Author notes

  1. Naima Nedjar and Ahmed Barkia have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P.1177- 3018, Sfax, Tunisia

    Fatma Hamed, Imen Elgaoud, Souad Eljoudi & Ahmed Barkia

  2. UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro-INRAe 1158, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Université Artois, Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000, Lille, France

    Fatma Hamed, Barbara Deracinois, Christophe Flahaut & Naima Nedjar

  3. Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques, BP 1009, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Ahmed Barkia

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Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, BD, CF, FH, IE, SE, validation, BD, AB, NN; formal analysis, FH, BD, AB, NN; investigation, BD, FH; resources, CF; data curation, BD, AB, NN; writing—original draft preparation, FH, BD, CF, AB, NN; writing—review and editing, FH, BD, CF, NN, AB; visualization, BD, CF, AB, NN; supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manu-script.

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Correspondence to Naima Nedjar or Ahmed Barkia.

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Hamed, F., Elgaoud, I., Eljoudi, S. et al. Diplodus Protein Hydrolysates: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties and Identification of Biopeptides. Waste Biomass Valor (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02403-1

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