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Investigation of Tribological Performance of Eco-friendly Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate Ester Based Calcium Complex Grease

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Abstract

The excessive use of petroleum products has led to the rapid depletion of conventional oil resources and negative environmental impacts. Consequently, a growing demand for “eco-friendly grease” relies on sustainable resources. Mere innovations in thickeners are not sufficient. To address this issue, it is essential to introduce novel eco-friendly base oil and complexing agents. Consequently, a series of new grease formulations were developed, using pentaerythritol tetraoleate ester as the base oil along with sebacic acid and azelaic acid in a calcium stearate thickener. The performance of these formulations was evaluated using a four ball friction tester. The results showed a 10.6% reduction in average wear scar diameter with the addition of sebacic acid and a 19.8% reduction in average coefficient of friction with the combination of sebacic acid and azelaic acid (2:1) in polyol based grease compared to mineral oil based calcium grease. To analyze the significance and roles of the variables, multiple linear regression (MLR) and second order polynomial regression were applied to the experimental results. The polynomial regression models were then used as objective functions to optimize the anti-wear properties of the grease with complexing agents, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Among all the formulations, the grease with 3% concentration by weight of sebacic acid demonstrated the most promising tribological performance compared to the traditional reference grease.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly grateful to the Advanced Tribology Research Center and Analytical Sciences Division of CSIR-IIP, Dehradun (India) for providing their impressive support during experimental work and analytical facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Ripudaman Singh Negi, Raj Kumar Singh & Shailesh Kumar Singh

  2. Advanced Tribology Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India

    Ripudaman Singh Negi & Shailesh Kumar Singh

  3. Advanced Crude Oil Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India

    Raj Kumar Singh

  4. Centre for Composites and Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India

    Shubhabrata Datta

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  1. Ripudaman Singh Negi
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Negi, R.S., Singh, R.K., Datta, S. et al. Investigation of Tribological Performance of Eco-friendly Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate Ester Based Calcium Complex Grease. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2947–2960 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02345-8

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