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Porous Graphitic Carbon from Coconut Coir Biochar Developed by Ni–KOH Single-Pot Graphitization Process for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

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Abstract

Graphitic carbons derived from coconut waste have emerged as interesting candidates for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. As the demand for high-capacity LIBs, there is a pressing need for graphitic carbon structures that can deliver good performance. However, obtaining good graphitic carbon performance from coconut waste-based material through efficient carbon conversion technology remains a challenge. Hence, we demonstrate that Ni–KOH plays a significant role in the single-pot graphitization process, which effectively generates porous graphitic carbon (PGC) structures. This Ni–KOH single-pot technique reduces the initial formation temperature of graphitic nanostructure from 1200 °C to 800 °C and simultaneously increases the graphitization degree of the carbon product. The resulting sample at 1000 °C (1000-ANi-KOH) exhibits a remarkable reversible capacity of 451.83 mAh/g at 0.05 C when used as LIB anodes. The synergistic effect of a high-order graphitic structure (1.66 IG/ID ratio) and a high BET surface area (599.414 m2/g) contributes to this excellent performance. By providing additional active sites for Li+ adsorption and storage, the porous structure supports high-capacity performance. Finally, these findings point to a realistic strategy for converting Indonesian coconut coir waste into a sustainable carbon source for energy storage materials.

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Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express gratitude to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through the JSPS RONPAKU (Dissertation Ph.D.) Program and Research Project from Research Organization for Electronics & Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)-Indonesia for financial support of this work. The authors acknowledge the facilities and technical support from Advanced Characterization Laboratories in Serpong, Research Center for Advanced Materials at the National Research and Innovation Agency in Indonesia, and Osaka University.

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The authors acknowledge the financial support of the JSPS RONPAKU (Dissertation Ph.D) Program and Research Project from Research Organization for Electronic & Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) - Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Gedung. 440, Serpong, 15314, Indonesia, Banten

    Fredina Destyorini, Slamet Priyono & Rike Yudianti

  2. Downstream Research and Technology Innovation, Research and Technology Innovation PT. Pertamina (Persero) DKI, Jakarta, 12950, Indonesia

    Haryo Satriya Oktaviano

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Fredina Destyorini, Yu-I Hsu & Hiroshi Uyama

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Destyorini, F., Priyono, S., Oktaviano, H.S. et al. Porous Graphitic Carbon from Coconut Coir Biochar Developed by Ni–KOH Single-Pot Graphitization Process for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2881–2895 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02343-w

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