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Effects of Different Concentrations of Leaf Residues of Ageratina adenophora on Seed Germination and Growth Behavior of Two Native Tree Species of Kumaun Himalaya, India

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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate growth inhibitory or stimulating effects of leaf residues derived from a globally recognized invasive alien weed Ageratina adenophora on two dominant tree species viz. Banj oak (Quercus oblongata) and Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Leaves of different life cycle stages (fresh leaves and dry-senesced leaves) were cumulated from the A. adenophora population flourishing in the vicinity of D.S.B. Campus, Nainital and compost was prepared from collected fresh leaves following the standard methods. Fresh, dry-senesced and composted leaf materials were added separately to 1 kg of soil pots in different concentrations, i.e. C1 (10 g leaves/kg of soil), C2 (20 g/kg), C3 (40 g/kg) and C4 (80 g/kg) representing the variation in the degree of invasion while control (C0) without leaf residues was used representing un-invaded regions to compare the results. Seed germination was recorded on daily basis and seedling growth parameters were recorded in first month, sixth month and twelfth month of time durations. The entire experiment was performed for 1 year of time duration excluding composted period. Our results showed that both the tree species responded differently to different leaf treatments. Fresh and composted leaf treatments showed positive effects on Pine, while Oak responded positively only to composted leaves in concentration dependent manner. Dry-senesced leaf treatments inhibited all the studied traits of both the tested species and were highly suppressive among all the leaf residue types. As the seed germination is the foremost and most crucial phase in population recruitment of any region, this weed suppressed germination parameters of both the native trees. The negative response of Pine and Oak to A. adenophora leaf residues indicated the inhibitory activity of this weed that enabled A. adenophora to form monospecies stands in these forests. Therefore, proper management, and utilization of A. adenophora in the form of compost for growth of other species could help in eradication of this species and mantainance of dominant forest systems of Kumaun Himalayan region.

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Data Availability

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Abbreviations

S:

Species

T:

Treatment

C:

Concentration

CLT:

Composted leaf treatment

FLT:

Fresh leaf treatment

DLT:

Dry leaf treatment

RL:

Root length

SL:

Shoot length

TPL:

Total plant length

SVI:

Seed vigor index

RB:

Root biomass

SB:

Shoot biomass

TPB:

Total plant biomass

RMC:

Relative moisture content

R:S:

Root:shoot ratio

FLT:

Fresh leaf treatment

DLT:

Dry leaf treatment

CLT:

Composted leaf treatment

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the Head of Botany department, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital for granting the research permission, providing all the laboratory facilities and kind support to carry out the research. Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi, India (File No. DST/SERB/CRG/2019/004139) is highly acknowledged for finanicially supporting this research. Authors are highly thankful for the constructive comments and suggestions made by the Editor and Reviewers which improved the quality of our manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by Department of Science & Technology (DST)—Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi (File No.: DST-SERB/CRG/2019/004139), Government of India.

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  1. Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263001, Uttarakhand, India

    Kavita Khatri, Bhawna Negi, Kiran Bargali & Surendra Singh Bargali

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KK: collected and analysed the data and prepared the first draft. BN: helped in data collection. KB and SSB: have designed and guided the research, reviewed and modified the manuscript.

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Khatri, K., Negi, B., Bargali, K. et al. Effects of Different Concentrations of Leaf Residues of Ageratina adenophora on Seed Germination and Growth Behavior of Two Native Tree Species of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 923–943 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02213-5

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