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Impact of Substrate Biodegradability on the Identification of Endogenous Compounds During Anaerobic Digestion

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Abstract

Efforts to characterize the organic matter (OM) properties in anaerobic digestates, comprising recalcitrant substrate (exogenous) and microbial-derived (endogenous) compounds, require further investigation. This study evaluated the identification of endogenous compounds during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of well-defined substrates with a subsequent starvation period. Substrates with different biodegradability levels and inocula from diverse origins were tested. Then, the digested OM was analyzed via ISBAMO fractionation and mid-infrared spectroscopy. The analysis of extracted fractions from the particulate OM of the inoculum revealed potential transfers of compounds to the dissolved OM after AD. The fluorescence complexity index of the dissolved OM fraction globally increased after AD and starvation periods when simple substrates were employed. Blank tests indicated that this increase was likely due to prolonged endogenous phases. Contrarily, partially biodegradable substrates accumulated slowly biodegradable protein-like and impeded the identification of soluble microbial products (SMP) via 3D fluorescence regardless of the inoculum type. Despite the systems fed with fully biodegradable substrates enabled the characterization of SMP, their profiles were influenced by multiple factors such as the substrate and inoculum type, as well as the digestion period. However, the impact of the selected substrates on the particulate OM was not detectable using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ratios or ISBAMO fractionation. Overall, the identification of endogenous compounds during anaerobic biodegradation was explored, contributing to a better understanding of the composition of digestates that could be valorized.

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Data Availability

All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimensional

AD:

Anaerobic digestion

BMP:

Biochemical methane potential

C:

Carbon

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DOM:

Dissolved Organic Matter

EEM:

Excitation emission matrix

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

FCI:

Fluorescence complexity index

GA:

Glutamic acid

GL:

Glucose

NEOM:

Non-Extractable Organic Matter

OFMSW:

Organic fraction of municipal solid waste

OM:

Organic matter

PEOM:

Poorly Extractable Organic Matter

POM:

Particulate Organic Matter

REOM:

Readily Extractable Organic Matter

Pf(i):

Fluorescence proportion for a zone (i)

SEOM:

Slowly Extractable Organic Matter

SM:

Synthetic mixture

SPOM:

Extractable Soluble from Particulate Organic Matter

TS:

Total solids

Vf (i):

Fluorescence volume for a zone (i)

VS:

Volatile solids

WP:

Whey protein

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the French Occitanie Region (No. 00004786-24001447) and the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE). David Fernández-Domínguez is thankful to Ali Dabestani Rahmatabad for his assistance.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the French Occitanie Region (No. 00004786-24001447) and the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Étangs, 11100, Narbonne, France

    David Fernández-Domínguez, Dominique Patureau & Julie Jimenez

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  1. David Fernández-Domínguez
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  2. Dominique Patureau
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  3. Julie Jimenez
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Contributions

DF-D: conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization. DP: conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition. JJ: conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to David Fernández-Domínguez.

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Fernández-Domínguez, D., Patureau, D. & Jimenez, J. Impact of Substrate Biodegradability on the Identification of Endogenous Compounds During Anaerobic Digestion. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 885–901 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02197-2

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