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Fluorescent Ink and Chemical Sensing Towards Tartrazine Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Derived from Durian Seed Waste

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Abstract

Background

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) have wide interest owing to their unique fluorescence and electronic characteristics.

Materials and methods

In this work, novel NCDs were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal treatment method utilizing durian seed waste (DS) and glutamine (Gln) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The as prepared NCDs were utilized as a fluorescent ink and a chemical sensor toward tartrazine.

Results

The optical properties of N-DS-CDs possessed a bright blue emission color under UV-light radiation and a strong emission peak at 432 nm excited at 340 nm with the excitation-dependent emission behavior and fluorescent quantum yield (FL-QY) of 17.24±0.13%. Interestingly, the dilution factors of N-DS-CDs solution with different absorbance values at 340/350 nm wavelength can distinguish the energy transitions of the samples. These CDs exhibited high water solubility and good optical stability towards several environmental conditions, such as ionic strength, light radiation, and heating temperature. The pH change of the solution possed high fluorescence intensity at pH 4-5. For structural characteristics, the TEM image showed that the average size of the N-DS-CDs was 2.2 nm. Raman analysis confirmed the graphitic nature of the N-DS-CDs. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful doping of nitrogen moiety over the CDs. In addition, N-DS-CDs showed high colloidal stability from zeta analysis. Based on their meaningful characteristics, the N-DS-CDs were applied as invisible fluorescent ink and homogenously mixed with commercial pen ink to draw the letters. The N-DS-CDs were also applied as a fluorescent sensor toward tartrazine dye with a LOD of 0.059 μM.

Conclusion

Thus, the biowaste from durian seeds was successfully converted to functional nanomaterials and applied in important applications.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank to the staff at National Sun Yat-sen University for assistance with XPS (Instrument ID: ESCA000020100) experiments.

Funding

This study was funded by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST110-2113-M-037-011 and MOST111-2113-M-037-015). This study was also funded by a grant from the Kaohsiung Medical University Research Foundation (KMU-M112003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh, 23245, Aceh, Indonesia

    Muhammad Zulfajri

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 95115, Manado, Indonesia

    Sri Sudewi

  3. Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Sri Sudewi, Sodio C. N. Hsu & Genin Gary Huang

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, Osmania University, 500007, Hyderabad, India

    Akhtar Rasool

  5. Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Genin Gary Huang

  6. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Genin Gary Huang

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  1. Muhammad Zulfajri
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Contributions

MZ: Methodology, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. SS: Data curation, Investigation, Formal analysis. AR: Writing – review & editing. SCNH: Conceptualization, Resource, Writing – review & editing. GGH: Conceptualization, Resources, Project administration, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing.

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Correspondence to Genin Gary Huang.

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Zulfajri, M., Sudewi, S., Rasool, A. et al. Fluorescent Ink and Chemical Sensing Towards Tartrazine Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Derived from Durian Seed Waste. Waste Biomass Valor 14, 3971–3986 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02109-4

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