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Encapsulated Bio-insecticide from Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) Essential Oil and Pectin and Potential for the Control of the Lesser Grain Borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae)

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Abstract

Background

Citrus aurantium essential oil was extracted from fruits collected from two regions namely Nabeul and Boussalem, characterized by diverse climatic and geographic conditions. Essential oils were investigated for their yield, chemical components, antioxidant and insecticidal activities against adults of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica. Then, the essential oil that has the highest insecticidal activity was encapsulated into pectin:Gum Arabic and tested by fumigation against R. dominica adults. Additionally, emergence inhibition of their offspring was assessed.

Methods

Pectin and essential oils were extracted from C. aurantium fruit peels by acid extraction chemical method and hydrodistillation, respectively. GC–MS analysis was used to identify the chemical components of the essential oils. Microcapsules were prepared at different ratios with various concentrations of pectin–Gum Arabic matrix. The encapsulation efficiency (EE %), loading capacity (LC %) and cumulative release (CR %) were determined using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Crude and encapsulated Citrus aurantium essential oil in pectin–Gum Arabic-based microcapsules was tested by fumigation against adults of the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica for three storage durations (30, 60 and 90 days). Phosphine was used as conventional fumigant insecticide.

Results

Results showed that microcapsules with pectin–Gum Arabic:Eo (0.5:2.5:1) was characterized by the highest EE (81.062%) and LC (5.79%). Fumigation tests revealed that encapsulated essential oil exhibited an effective control against R. dominica adults and their descendants during the three storage periods with 100% of mortality and emergence inhibition, compared to crude essential oil which generates 100, 90 and 60% of emergence inhibition, respectively after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage.

Conclusion

Wastes from Citrus aurantium produce valuable products as pectin and rich limonene essential oils. Microcapsules based on pectin:Gum Arabic:essential oil could be utilized as an effective bio-insecticide for the control of insect pests in storage commodities.

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Data Availability

All data are fully available.

Abbreviations

EO:

Essential oil

GA:

Gum arabic

EE:

Encapsulation efficiency

LC:

Loading capacity

CR:

Cumulative release

LC50 :

Median lethal concentration

LC95:

Lethal concentration 95

GR:

Germination rate

WL:

Weight loss

GD:

Grain damage

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Funding

This work was funded by the program of Valorization of Research Results (VRR, BIOENCAP project), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna Bizerte, 7021, Tunis, Tunisia

    Tasnim Djebbi & Hadhami Chargui

  2. Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, LR11INRAT06, Rue Hedi Karray El-Menzah, 1004, Tunis, Tunisia

    Tasnim Djebbi, Abir Soltani, Hadhami Chargui, Emna Boushih & Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa

  3. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, B P 678, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia

    Islam Yangui & Chokri Messaoud

  4. Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Nesrine Teka & Hatem Majdoub

Authors
  1. Tasnim Djebbi
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  2. Abir Soltani
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  3. Hadhami Chargui
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  4. Islam Yangui
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  6. Emna Boushih
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  7. Hatem Majdoub
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  8. Chokri Messaoud
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  9. Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa
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Contributions

TD, IY, HC, EB and NT conduct the experiments. TD and AS wrote the manuscript with inputs from all authors. JMBJ devised the project, the main conceptual ideas and proof outlines with input from HM and CM. JMBJ and HM provided critical feedback and helped shape the research analysis and manuscript. All authors discussed and commented all the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa.

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Djebbi, T., Soltani, A., Chargui, H. et al. Encapsulated Bio-insecticide from Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) Essential Oil and Pectin and Potential for the Control of the Lesser Grain Borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae). Waste Biomass Valor 14, 2997–3011 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02048-0

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