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Comparison of Raw and Torrefied Dichrostachys cinerea as a Fuel for Cogeneration Systems: A Life Cycle Assessment

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to assess environmentally three different alternatives related to the valorization of Dichrostachys cinerea tree (an invasive plant) as a feedstock for cogeneration facilities installed in the sugarcane industry in Cuba.

Methods

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to three cogeneration alternatives: (A-1) Electricity generation using raw Dichrostachys cinerea (marabou) as fuel in a back-pressure steam turbine cycle, (A-2) Electricity generation using torrefied marabou as fuel in a back-pressure steam turbine cycle, and (A-3) Electricity generation using torrefied marabou as fuel in an extraction-condensing turbines cycle. The SimaPro software was used for the inventory modeling and the ReCiPe method (midpoint and endpoint approach) was applied to estimate the environmental impacts associated with each case.

Results and Discussion

The LCA results showed that the electricity generation from torrefied marabou using extraction-condensing turbines (A-3) reduces the environmental impacts as compared with A-1 and A-2. This performance is explained by a lower marabou relative consumption (1.85 kg marabou/kWh generated), which leads to lower emissions associated with harvesting, transportation, and pre-processing stages. Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Terrestrial Acidification, and Water Consumption accounted the worst performance for all the scenarios. Marine Ecotoxicity was the impact category with better environmental performance due to the substitution of synthetic mineral fertilizers by the ashes produced during combustion. The Human health damage category reached the higher impacts on the torrefaction subsystem in the A-3 scenario, representing over 94% of the total environmental burden of the process, causing injuries in respiratory systems. The highest beneficial impact of the cogeneration stage was associated with the consideration of residual steam as an avoided product.

Conclusions

The use of torrefied marabou in extraction-condensing steam turbines can be considered as an environmental-friendly technology in the Cuban context.

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Data Availability

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the CEEPI for the financial support and to the Universidad Central de Las Villas for providing access to the SimaPro software and its related databases, and project ANID/FONDAP/15130015.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Cuban Program ´´Sustainable Development of the Energy Renewable Resources´´, project P211 LH003068 (Bioconversion of agro-industrial waste leaching in high-efficiency reactors).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Energy and Industrial Processes Studies (CEEPI), University of Sancti Spiritus, Ave de Los Martires 360, 60100, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba

    Yasmani Alba-Reyes & Ernesto L. Barrera

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Chemical and Pharmacy Faculty, Central University of Las Villas, Road to Camajuaní Km 5,5, 54830, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba

    Maylier Pérez-Gil

  3. Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences-EULA Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Yannay Casas-Ledón

  4. Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile

    Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez

Authors
  1. Yasmani Alba-Reyes
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  2. Maylier Pérez-Gil
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  3. Ernesto L. Barrera
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  4. Yannay Casas-Ledón
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  5. Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez
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Contributions

YA: Investigation-writing-original draft preparation. MP: Writing-original draft preparation-supervision-reviewing. ELB: Writing-reviewing. YC: Supervision-reviewing. LEA: Conceptualization-supervision-reviewing.

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Correspondence to Yasmani Alba-Reyes.

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Alba-Reyes, Y., Pérez-Gil, M., Barrera, E.L. et al. Comparison of Raw and Torrefied Dichrostachys cinerea as a Fuel for Cogeneration Systems: A Life Cycle Assessment. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 3653–3669 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01746-5

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