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Cost Reduction of Gray Oyster Mushroom [Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer] Production Using Lemon Basil (Ocimum citriodorum Vis.) Straw as a Substrate

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Abstract

Lemon basil straw (LBS) is an agricultural waste comprising approximately 1500 tons every year generated from basil seed production in Thailand. This study demonstrated the application of LBS as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of the gray oyster mushrooms [Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer] to reduce productions costs. LBS has a high nitrogen content and essential oil as bioactive compounds. LBS was mixed with rubber sawdust (RS), the traditional substrate of mushroom cultivation in Thailand, to estimate the maximum loading of LBS in cylindrical baglog cultivation. Furthermore, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the fruit body were measured. The optimal mass ratios of RS-to-LBS in the baglogs were in the range of 80:20–50:50. Results showed that the optimal amount of LBS enhanced mycelium growth and the biological efficiency of cultivated mushrooms. At a 50:50 RS-to-LBS mass ratio, the cost of baglog production was reduced by approximately 25% because the cost of LBS was lower than that of RS. Using LBS as replacement substrate at an optimal RS-to-LBS mass ratio not only reduced mushroom production costs but also promoted mycelium growth, biological efficiency, and antioxidant activity of the fruit body.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Enago (www.enago.com) for the English language review. The authors are also grateful to anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University and Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production, the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Institute Building 3, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Thanaporn Wichai, Sarintip Sooksai, Sajee Noitang, Weradej Sukaead, Pragatsawat Chanprapai, Aphichart Karnchanatat & Ruengwit Sawangkeaw

  2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Jittra Piapukiew

  3. Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand

    Aphichart Karnchanatat & Ruengwit Sawangkeaw

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  1. Thanaporn Wichai
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  2. Sarintip Sooksai
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  8. Ruengwit Sawangkeaw
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Contributions

Conceptualization: TW, SS, SN; Methodology: SS, JP; Formal analysis and investigation: TW, WS, SN, PC; Writing—original draft preparation: RS, PC; Writing—review & editing: AK, RS; Resource: SN, TW; Validation: JP; Supervision: AK; Project administration: TW, SN.

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Correspondence to Ruengwit Sawangkeaw.

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Wichai, T., Sooksai, S., Noitang, S. et al. Cost Reduction of Gray Oyster Mushroom [Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer] Production Using Lemon Basil (Ocimum citriodorum Vis.) Straw as a Substrate. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 1449–1458 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01617-5

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