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Effect of Degree of Hydrolysis on Biochemical Properties and Biological Activities (Antioxidant and Antihypertensive) of Protein Hydrolysates from Pacific Thread Herring (Ophistonema libertate) Stickwater

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Abstract

Purpose

High amounts of rich-protein liquid wastes are produced during seafood processing. The effluent called stickwater resulting from the processing of Pacific thread herring (Ophistonema libertate) into fishmeal, was evaluated as protein source to produce bioactive protein hydrolysates by using Alcalase as enzyme source.

Methods

The effect of degree of hydrolysis on biochemical properties (proximate analysis, molecular weight, and amino acid composition) and antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of stickwater protein hydrolysates obtained with Alcalase was determined.

Results

Degree of hydrolysis (DH) of samples (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) influences its biochemical and bioactive properties. The maximum ABTS and FRAP activity values (P < 0.05) were exhibited by hydrolysates at 15% DH (EC50 = 2.8 mg/mL and TEAC = 1.16 ± 0.03 mM TE/mg, respectively). Whereas the highest DPPH scavenging activity (P < 0.05) was found for hydrolysates at 5 % and 10 % of DH (EC50 = 34.7 mg/mL and 37 mg/mL respectively). Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity, being those at 5 and 10% of DH, which exhibited lower IC50 values (P < 0.05) compared to non-hydrolyzed stickwater. Peptide distribution of protein hydrolysates at < 1.35 kDa was in a range of 47–62% of total peptides and the presence of amino acids related to antioxidant activity such as His, Lys, Met, Tau, Tyr and Trp was detected in stickwater and protein hydrolysates.

Conclusions

The production of protein hydrolysates from Pacific thread herring stickwater, represents an alternative to obtain added-value products with potential antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México) for financial Grant No. 258128. Rosa María Sarmiento Machado thanks CONACYT for the scholarship granted to support her postgraduate studies. We thank Maz-Industrial SA de CV for their kind donation of fishery effluents. Also, the authors thank María Elena Sánchez Salazar for her editorial work in English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa (UPSIN), Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras Km 3. Col. Genaro Estrada, CP 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México

    Emmanuel Martínez-Montaño, Rosa María Sarmiento-Machado, Idalia Osuna-Ruíz, Israel Benítez-García, Víctor Alfonso Rodríguez-Tirado & Jesús Aarón Salazar-Leyva

  2. Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CP 03940, Ciudad de México, México

    Emmanuel Martínez-Montaño

  3. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD) A.C. Unidad Hermosillo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, CP 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México

    Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar, Rosa Stephanie Navarro-Peraza & María Elena Lugo Sánchez

  4. Facultad de Ciencias Químico‑Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Calzada de lasAméricas Norte 2771, CP 80030, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México

    Angel Valdez Ortiz & Lourdes Janeth Germán Báez

  5. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México

    Isaura Bañuelos-Vargas

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  1. Emmanuel Martínez-Montaño
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Martínez-Montaño, E., Sarmiento-Machado, R.M., Osuna-Ruíz, I. et al. Effect of Degree of Hydrolysis on Biochemical Properties and Biological Activities (Antioxidant and Antihypertensive) of Protein Hydrolysates from Pacific Thread Herring (Ophistonema libertate) Stickwater. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 1015–1027 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01590-z

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