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Larvicidal Activity of Pentagalloyl Glucose and Mangiferin Isolated from the Waste of Mango Kernel Against Culex pipiens L.

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Abstract

The deadliest insect, Culex pipiens, plays a critical role in the transmission of multiple diseases to livestock, animals, and humans. In the current work, the waste of Mangifera indica (Mango) seed kernels was extracted with ethyl acetate to profile the gallotannins components. Moreover, the major compounds pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) and mangiferin were isolated and their larvicidal activity against C. pipiens was determined. A total of 20 secondary metabolites were annotated based on high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (PDA) detector and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. PGG and mangiferin were isolated and identified depending on different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The extract exhibited good larvicidal activity against the 3rd larval instar of C. pipiens with LC50 value of 64.02 µg/ml, whereas those of pentagalloyl glucose and mangiferin were 169.38 and 232.15 µg/ml, respectively. The tested extract and the two isolated secondary metabolites exploited significant alterations for the tested enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, α-esterases, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase) compared to the untreated larvae with p < 0.01. The GST, carboxylesterase, and α-esterase have the main role in the detoxification of PGG and mangiferin. In conclusion, Mango waste could provide a cheap, available, and important source for tackling an environmental problem as an ecofriendly alternative to the currently used chemical insecticides.

Graphic Abstract

The strategy of our study using M. indica kernel against C. pipiens larvae.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Prof. M. Wink, Heidelberg University for giving us the opportunity to collect LC-MS data at his lab. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Mahmoud Emam

  2. Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt

    Mahmoud Emam & Mohamed A. El-Ansari

  3. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt

    Doaa R. Abdel-Haleem & Shaimaa M. Farag

  4. AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco

    Mansour Sobeh

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  1. Mahmoud Emam
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Contributions

Conception and design of study: ME, MAE, MS. Acquisition of data: DRA, MS, ME. Analysis and/or interpretation of data: DRA, SMF, MS, ME. Drafting the manuscript: DRA, SMF, MS, and ME. Revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content: DRA, MS, ME and MAE. Approval of the version of the manuscript to be published: ME, DRA, SMF, MAE and MS.

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Correspondence to Doaa R. Abdel-Haleem or Mansour Sobeh.

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Emam, M., Abdel-Haleem, D.R., Farag, S.M. et al. Larvicidal Activity of Pentagalloyl Glucose and Mangiferin Isolated from the Waste of Mango Kernel Against Culex pipiens L.. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 83–93 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01532-9

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