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Effect of Star Anise as a Natural Antioxidant Additive on the Oxidation Stability of Lemon Grass Oil

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Abstract

Oxidation of biodiesel leads to its degradation and reduces its market value. The oxidation stability of lemongrass oil produced through the steam distillation process can be improved by means of star anise antioxidant addition. Star anise antioxidant was converted into fine powder through ball milling. The morphology of antioxidant has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and elemental composition by Energy Dispersive Spectrum and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulphur analysis. The presence of antioxidant promoting components was revealed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on antioxidant particles has been carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The scavenging ability of the star anise antioxidant was evaluated by DPPH assay (%) at various concentrations (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) and found to be 80.67, 81.38, and 81.73 respectively. The total phenolic content was evaluated through the Folin–Ciocalteu method and calculated to be 134.2 Gallic Acid Equivalent mg/g. The oxidation stability in terms of induction period was evaluated through the accelerated oxidation test called Rancimat method. The addition of antioxidant increased the IP from 2.50 to 19.79 h at 1500 ppm. Thus the addition of antioxidant enhanced the storage stability of LGO and thereby improving its market value.

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Abbreviations

LGO:

Lemon grass oil

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

EDS:

Energy dispersive spectrum

CHNS:

Carbon hydrogen nitrogen sulphur

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

DPPH:

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FCR:

Folin Ciocalteu reagent

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

HC:

Hydrocarbon

CO:

Carbon monoxide

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen

HRR:

Heat release rate

ppm:

Parts per million

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSEC:

Brake specific energy consumption

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

GCMS:

Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy

TBHQ:

Tert-butyl hydro quinone

PY:

Pyrogallol

PG:

Propyl gallate

IP:

Induction period

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the management of Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi for providing laboratory facilities to perform this study.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Bose Narayanasamy, Nagarajan Jeyakumar & Dhinesh Balasubramanian

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  1. Bose Narayanasamy
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  2. Nagarajan Jeyakumar
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Correspondence to Nagarajan Jeyakumar.

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Narayanasamy, B., Jeyakumar, N. & Balasubramanian, D. Effect of Star Anise as a Natural Antioxidant Additive on the Oxidation Stability of Lemon Grass Oil. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 2983–2997 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01218-8

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