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Valorization of Common Starfish (Asterias rubens) by Air Impingement Drying and Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion: A Preliminary Study

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Abstract

Purpose

The outbreak of common starfish A. rubens caused a 60% production loss of mussels in France. Three hundred tonnes of starfish were collected requiring further treatment in 2017. With composting and molecule extraction ending up in failure, an innovative solution coupling air impingement drying (AID) and anaerobic digestion (AD) was proposed to deal with this biomass.

Methods

The AID kinetics of the starfish were studied at 40 °C and 70 °C. The dried starfish fragments were anaerobically digested at three Feed/Inoculum (F/I) ratios. The energy and economic balances were analyzed by varying system efficiencies.

Results

The equation of modified page could safely simulate the drying kinetics. The F/I ratio influenced the biogas production kinetics of starfish. In the most favorable case, the heat generated by the biogas from starfish could cover the heat demand for drying. The economic analysis proves that the valorization of bio-methane via cogeneration or injection into natural gas network could minimize treatment costs or even make profit from it.

Conclusion

The AID-AD treatment of starfish was proved to be technically and economically feasible. The study offers basic protocols as a guidance for the mussel farmers to deal with the starfish outbreaks in the future.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Anaerobic digestion

AID:

Air impingement drying

AID-AD:

Combined valorization of starfish coupling air impingement drying and anaerobic digestion

CHP plant:

Combined heat and power plant

DW:

Dry weight

FW:

Fresh weight before drying

BMP0 :

Biochemical methane potential modelled (NmL CH4 g VS−1)

BMPexp :

Experimental max methane yield based on COD (Nm3 CH4 kg COD−1)

BMP(t):

Bio-methane production at Day t (NmL CH4 g VS−1)

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand (g O2 kg FW−1)

Dapp :

Apparent diffusivity (m2 s−1)

Deff :

Effective diffusivity (m2 s−1)

Eev :

Energy needed for the moisture evaporation (kWh t FW−1)

Etot :

Total energy required for the drying of starfish (kWh t FW−1)

F/I:

Feed/inoculum ratio based on VS (−)

i:

Number of the exponential terms considered by the model Crank (−)

k:

Model parameter of modified page (s−1)

L:

Thickness of the starfish (m)

LHVCH4 :

Lower heating value of bio-methane (kWh Nm−3)

Lv,H2O :

Latent heat of water at standard pressure (kWh t H2O−1)

M(t):

Moisture content in dry basis at instant t (kg kg DW−1)

M0 :

Initial moisture content in dry basis (kg kg DW−1)

Me :

Equilibrium moisture content in dry basis (kg kg DW−1)

Mf :

Target final moisture content in dry basis (kg kg DW−1)

mH2O :

Mass of moisture evaporated (t H2O t FW−1)

N:

number of experimental data (−)

n:

Model parameter of modified page (−)

p:

Number of parameters appeared in the equations (−)

Qbiogas :

Heat recovered from biogas combustion (kWh or kWh t FW−1)

R2 adj :

Adjusted coefficient of determination (−)

Rm :

Maximum bio-methane production rate (NmL CH4 g VS−1 day−1)

RMSE:

Root mean square errors (−)

SSE:

Sum of squared errors (−)

t:

Drying or digestion time (s, min or day)

TS:

Total solids (%)

VS:

Volatile solids (g)

VS/TS:

Volatile solids to total solids ratio (%)

Y:

Gross methane yield (NmL CH4)

ε:

Energy efficiency of gas boiler (−)

η:

Energy efficiency of AID prototype (−)

λ:

Lag time (day)

χ2 :

Chi-square (−)

ω(t):

Moisture ratio at instant t (−)

ωf :

Target final moisture ratio after drying (−)

ωexp,j :

Experimental obtained moisture ratio (−)

ωmod,j :

Estimated moisture ratio by the model (−)

\(\bar{\omega}\) exp,j :

Average of the experimental moisture ratios (–)

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Acknowledgements

The present study was realized during a PhD thesis jointly financed by the Regional Council of Brittany (Rennes, France) and the Departmental Council of Morbihan (Vannes, France) [grant reference: ARED-HYDATE]. Thanks are extended to the SEM LIGER (Locminé, France) for their financial and technical support to the thesis [grant number: 2017_0021]. The authors would also like to thank Mr Bruno CALLE (GAEC Moulins de Kerollet, Arzal, France) and the “Syndicat Conchylicole de Pénestin” for their valuable contribution to the project.

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  1. Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56300, Pontivy, France

    Xiaojun Liu, Virginie Boy, Thomas Lendormi, Yves Lemée & Jean-Louis Lanoisellé

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Liu, X., Boy, V., Lendormi, T. et al. Valorization of Common Starfish (Asterias rubens) by Air Impingement Drying and Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion: A Preliminary Study. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 2969–2981 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01189-w

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