Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Property of a Novel Elastic Material Based on Modified Waste Rubber Powder (MWRP) by the Establishment of New Crosslinking Network

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Waste and Biomass Valorization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, polycardanol, a long-chain acid, was synthesized and used as a reclaiming agent of waste rubber powder (WRP). Polycardanol can break S–S bond on the surface of WRP, and simultaneously WRP grafted by long chain (MWRP) is formed. The long chain on WRP has the potential to establish new crosslinking network, which can produce a novel elastic material based on WRP. The tensile strength of the elastic material from MWRP with thermal post-treatment can reach 4.6 MPa. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) is helpful for the elastic material from MWRP to enhance the establishment of new crosslinking network, resulting in the tensile strength of 6.2 MPa. With the addition of 0.5 phr fiber and thermal post-treatment, the tensile strength of the elastic material based on MWRP is up to 8.4 MPa.

Graphic Abstract

In this study, polycardanol, a long-chain acid, was synthesized and used as a reclaiming agent of waste rubber powder (WRP). Polycardanol can break S–S bond on the surface of WRP, and simultaneously WRP grafted by long chain (MWRP) is formed. The long chain on WRP has the potential to establish new crosslinking network, which can produce a novel elastic material based on WRP. Strong adhesion between waste rubber powder (WRP) is often demanded in the cycling of waste rubber. In fact, strong adhesion can be achieved through the establishment of new crosslinking network by the grafted chains on the surface of WRP. Self-made long-chain acid can destroy S–S and C–S bonds of WRP to produce reactive points, and simultaneously long chain can be grafted on the surface of WRP. Scheme 1 is the structure scheme of the modified waste rubber powder by self-made long-chain acid (MWRP). The long chain on the surface of MWRP is characteristic with the structure of phenolic resin, which can be cured under heat and hardener (HMTA)again. The long chain on the surface of WRP endows WRP the potential to establish new crosslinking network, then a novel elastic material appears by the introduction of covalent adhesion between WRP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Scheme 2
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kommineni R, Boddapu H, Thomas S (2018) Scope of pyrolysis process as a sustainable method to dispose waste tires: a review. Air Pollut. Control. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7185-0_14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sienkiewicz M, Janik H, Borzędowska-Labuda K, Kucińska-Lipka J (2017) Environmentally friendly polymer-rubber composites obtained from waste tyres: a review. J. Clean Prod. 147(Complete):560–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Neoh SB, Hashim AS (2010) Highly grafted polystyrene-modified natural rubber as toughener for polystyrene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 93(4):1660–1665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Matsuura K, Saito H (2018) Tensile properties and interfacial adhesion of silicone rubber/polyethylene blends by reactive blending. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135(17):46192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Petchwattana N, Covavisaruch S, Watkrut C (2014) Toughening of wood/poly(vinyl chloride) composites by using ultrafine rubber particles: mechanical and rheological investigations. Appl. Mech. Mater. 534:25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Phinyocheep P, Axtell FH, Laosee T (2010) Influence of compatibilizers on mechanical properties, crystallization, and morphology of polypropylene/scrap rubber dust blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 86(1):148–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Silva MAD, Vieira MGA, Maçumoto ACG, Beppu MM (2011) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and natural rubber films plasticized with a natural polymeric plasticizer obtained through polyesterification of rice fatty acid. Polym. Test. 30(5):478–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jing Z, Wei D, Wang Z (2015) Thermoplastic Elastomers based on high-impact polystyrene/waste styrene butadiene rubber powder blends enhanced by styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and aromatic oil. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B 54(3):262–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Prut E, Kuznetsova O, Karger-Kocsis J, Solomatin DJ (2012) Rheological properties of ground rubber tire filled isotactic polypropylenes of different molecular weight characteristics. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 31(24):1758–1771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nakason C, Wannavilai P, Kaesaman A (2010) Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on epoxidized natural rubber/polypropylene blends: effect of compatibilizers and reactive blending. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100(6):4729–4740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lopattananon N, Walong A, Sakai T (2018) Influence of incorporation methods of ATH on microstructure, elastomeric properties, flammability, and thermal decomposition of dynamically vulcanized NR/PP blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135(18):46231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cazan C, Duta A (2013) Rubber/thermoplastic blends: micro and nano structured. Adv. Elastomers I 11:183–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang BM, Liu W, Zhao LY (2018) An experimental research on basic mechanical properties of concrete with used rubber powder. Key Eng. Mater. 477:239–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zare MH, Hajilary N, Rezakazemi M (2019) Microstructural modifications of polyethylene glycol powder binder in the processing of sintered alpha alumina under different conditions of preparation. Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 2(1):89–95

    Google Scholar 

  15. Colom X, Carrillo F, Cañavate J (2007) Composites reinforced with reused tyres: surface oxidant treatment to improve the interfacial compatibility. Compos. Part A 38(1):44–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Naskar AK, Khastgir D, Bhowmick AK, De SK (2010) Effect of chlorination of ground rubber tire on its compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride): dielectric studies. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 84(5):993–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shanmugharaj AM, Jin KK, Ryu SH (2005) UV surface modification of waste tire powder: characterization and its influence on the properties of polypropylene/waste powder composites. Polym. Test. 24(6):739–745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sonnier R, Leroy E, Clerc L, Bergeret A, Lopez-Cuesta JM (2007) Polyethylene/ground tyre rubber blends: Influence of particle morphology and oxidation on mechanical properties. Polym. Test. 26(2):274–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Janssen LPBM, Sutanto P, Picchioni F (2010) The use of experimental design to study the responses of continuous devulcanization processes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 102(5):5028–5038

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sutanto P, Laksmana FL, Picchioni E, Lpbm J (2006) Modeling on the kinetics of an EPDM devulcanization in an internal batch mixer using an amine as the devulcanizing agent. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61(19):6442–6453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dubkov KA, Semikolenov SV, Ivanov DP, Babushkin DE, Panov GI, Parmon VN (2012) Reclamation of waste tyre rubber with nitrous oxide. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97(7):1123–1130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jana GK, Das CK (2005) Devulcanization of natural rubber vulcanizates by mechanochemical process. J. Macromol. Sci. 44(8–9):1399–1412

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ghosh J, Ghorai S, Bhunia S, Roy M, De D (2018) The role of devulcanizing agent for mechanochemical devulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 58(1):74–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ghorai S, Bhunia S, Roy M, De D (2016) Mechanochemical devulcanization of natural rubber vulcanizate by dual function disulfide chemicals. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 129:34–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Samantarai S, Nag A, Singh N, Dash D, Das NC (2019) Cardanol functionalized carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber for better processability, technical properties and biocompatibility. J. Polym. Environ. 27(9):1878–2896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mohapatra S, Nando GB (2013) Chemical modification of natural rubber in the latex stage by grafting cardanol, a waste from the cashew industry and a renewable resource. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52(17):5951–5957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yu R, Gong Z, Guo W, Zhang H, Liu C (2016) A novel grafting-modified waste rubber powder as filler in natural rubber vulcanizates. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 133(6):42993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mathew G, Singh RP, Nair NR, Thomas S (2001) Recycling of natural rubber latex waste and its interaction in epoxidised natural rubber. Polymer 42(5):2137–2165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Biris CM, Oleksik M (2019) Study about mechanical properties of materials obtained by thermoforming. Mater. Sci. Forum 957:389–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yin R, Cheng H, Hong C, Zhang X (2017) Synthesis and characterization of novel phenolic resin/silicone hybrid aerogel composites with enhanced thermal, mechanical and ablative properties. Compos. Part A 101:500–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhang L (2018) Tuning the structure and mechanical properties of double-network elastomer: molecular dynamics simulation. Chin. Sci. Bull. 63(34):3631–3641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Xu C, Tu Y, Yu R, Yang X (2018) Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene as an auxetic material: effect of extension ratio on its structure and properties. Iran. Polym. J. 27(1):49–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51003030).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Xiaoyan Zhang, Lijun Song & Ruobing Yu

Authors
  1. Xiaoyan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lijun Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ruobing Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruobing Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, X., Song, L. & Yu, R. The Property of a Novel Elastic Material Based on Modified Waste Rubber Powder (MWRP) by the Establishment of New Crosslinking Network. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 6929–6941 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-00945-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-00945-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation