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Methane Augmentation of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste in the Presence of Fe3O4 and Carbamide Capped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

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Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic matter (OM) has always been questioned, because of its time taking bio-disintegration process. In the last few years, nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported as the biodegradation accelerators due to their unique physicochemical properties. For this, iron oxide (Fe3O4) and carbamide (generally known as Urea) capped Fe3O4 (U–Fe3O4) NPs were synthesized by modifying the chemical co-precipitation method and then characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) techniques. In this study, the effect of Fe3O4 and U–Fe3O4 nanoparticles on methane generation was experimentally determined in batch mode AD under mesophilic conditions (38 ± 1 °C). 500 mL culture bottles with 300 mL working volume were used as bioreactors for 50 days. The highest concentration of both types of NPs was 75 mg/L; the other two were 25 and 50 mg/L. The addition of NPs enhanced the CH4 generation compared to the control (without NPs). Hence, the maximum methane generation was achieved at 75 mg/L concentration in both cases 1.45 and 1.52 times more enhancement more than the blank, respectively. Additionally, the experimental methane generation on a cumulative basis was kinetically described by modified Gompertz model (MGM). Thereafter, the model accuracy was further determined by statistical analysis by estimating the coefficient of determination (R2), which was in the range of 0.976–0.999 and the root mean square error (RMSE). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was also conducted to examine the significance of methane generation within the treatments applied ɑ = 0.05.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was sponsored financially by the US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran, UET, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the important material analysis provided by the Department of Geology, University of Sindh, Pakistan. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Dr. Rick Bereit, University of Utah, USA, for English editing and correction.

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  1. US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, MUET, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan

    Asim Ali & Rasool Bux Mahar

  2. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan

    Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi

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Ali, A., Mahar, R.B. & Sherazi, S.T.H. Methane Augmentation of Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste in the Presence of Fe3O4 and Carbamide Capped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 4093–4107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00732-8

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