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Evaluation of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante) Industrial Residue as a Source for Value Added Products

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the potential of the industrial waste of Rojo Brillante persimmon as a source for value-added products. The antioxidant compounds present in persimmon industrial waste (peel and calyx) and the suitability of this bagasse to be used as a substrate second-generation bioethanol production are studied and discussed. Both value-added products would contribute to the valorization of persimmon fruit residues, which are expected to increase to a higher extent in subsequent years, thus contributing to the food industry sustainability and circular economy.

Methods

Antioxidant properties were evaluated by analyzing total phenol content, soluble tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of the waste, consisting of the peel and calyx of the fresh-cut persimmon industry. In a different approach, several fermentation and saccharification processes were assayed in order to valorize the waste as a substrate for bioethanol production: direct fermentation (DF) of the waste (with water addition, sterilized or not) was carried out and compared with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the waste (with and without water addition).

Results

The amount of phenols (59.2 ± 0.4 mg AGE/100 g FW), flavonoids (7.5 ± 0.4 mg QE/100 g FW) and tannins (11.43 ± 0.08 g AGE/100 g FW), as well as the antioxidant capacity (16.67 mg TE/100 g FW) of persimmon industrial waste were in the range of the pulp values. Persimmon waste was especially rich in carotenoids: β-carotene (400 ± 7 µg/100 g FW) and lycopene (194.3 ± 0.7 µg/100 g FW), these being values higher than in the whole fruit or pulp. Bioethanol production was more successful when a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process was directly applied on the grinded waste (0.36 ± 0.010 gethanol/gsugar), as compared to the other DF and SSF assayed.

Conclusions

Persimmon waste can be considered a good candidate for obtaining value-added products. Carotenoids could be extracted from this waste, but it is recommended to develop food ingredients in the form of flours of powders to be used as functional ingredients. Persimmon waste is also recommended as a substrate for second-generation bioethanol production, either alone or mixed with other food residual biomass.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Universitat Politècnica de València FPI grant programme and Anecoop S. Coop for facilitating the persimmon waste.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD) – Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Claudia Conesa, Pedro Fito & Lucía Seguí

  2. Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Nicolás Laguarda-Miró

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  1. Claudia Conesa
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Correspondence to Lucía Seguí.

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Conesa, C., Laguarda-Miró, N., Fito, P. et al. Evaluation of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante) Industrial Residue as a Source for Value Added Products. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 3749–3760 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00621-0

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