Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Calcium Rich Food Wastes Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Waste and Biomass Valorization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biodiesel produced from food wastes can help to solve several environmental issues: anthropogenic carbon emissions due to fossil fuels combustion and waste management. Biodiesel was produced using waste frying oils (WFO) and calcium rich food wastes such as mollusk, shrimp, eggs shells and cuttlebone to produce calcium based heterogeneous catalysts by calcination. The characterization of chalky white calcined powders by XRD showed diffraction lines typical of lime but some samples were slightly contaminated with calcite. The powders with low crystallinity showed high hydration rate presenting XRD features ascribable to nanocrystals of calcium hydroxide. The post reaction samples presented mainly lines due to calcium diglyceroxide and methoxide. Thermograms of used catalysts showed some weight loss of these calcium compounds, confirming the presence of such phases. All prepared catalysts were effective in catalyzing the methanolysis of soybean oil. A FAME yield around 96% was obtained after 2.5 h of reaction. When using WFO, the FAME yield was only 65% with simultaneous production of soap. The use of WFO and soybean oil mixtures attenuates the loss of catalytic performances. The obtained glycerin’s presented a light color characteristic of heterogeneous catalyzed processes. FTIR spectra of glycerin’s showed some features belonging to matter organic non glycerin and methanol. The catalyst reutilization without intermediate reactivation indicated that catalysts are somewhat stable. When WFO was used, the reused catalysts showed improved performance probably due to the formation of calcium diglyceroxide. Nevertheless, calcium diglyceroxide is bound to promote homogeneous catalysis and consequent deactivation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pham, T.P.T., Kaushik, R., Parshetti, G.K., Mahmood, R., Balasubramanian, R.: Food waste-to-energy conversion technologies: current status and future directions. Waste Manag. 38, 399–408 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kiran, E.U., Trzcinski, A.P., Ng, W.J., Liu, Y.: Bioconversion of food waste to energy: a review. Fuel 134, 389–399 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Girotto, F., Alibardi, L., Cossu, R.: Food waste generation and industrial uses: a review. Waste Manag. 45, 32–41 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ajala, O. E., Aberuagba, F., Odetoye, T. E., Ajala, A. M.: Biodiesel: sustainable energy replacement to petroleum-based diesel fuel—a review. ChemBioEng Rev. 2, 145–156 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Leung, D.Y.C., Wu, X., Leung, M.K.H.: A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification. Appl. Energy 87, 1083–1095 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jenkins, R.W., Ellis, E.H., Lewis, E.J., Paterson, M., Le, C.D., Ting, V.P., Chuck, C.J.: Production of biodiesel from Vietnamese waste coffee beans: biofuel yield, saturation and stability are all elevated compared with conventional coffee biodiesel. Waste Biomass Valorization 8, 1237–1245 (2017)

  7. Canakci, M.: The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel feedstocks. Bioresour. Technol. 98, 183–190 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, A., Amin, N.A.S., Mazaheri, H.: A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl. Energy 104, 683–710 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rathore, V., Newalkar, B.L., Badoni, R.P.: Processing of vegetable oil for biofuel production through conventional and non-conventional routes. Energy Sustain. Dev. 31, 24–49 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Dias, A. P., Puna, J., Correia, M. J., Nogueira, I., Gomas, J., Bordado, J.: Effect of the oil acidity on the methanolysis performances of lime catalyst biodiesel from waste frying oils (WFO). Fuel Process. Technol. 116, 94–100 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cai, Z.-Z., Wang, Y., Teng, Y.-L., Chong, K.-M., Wang, J.-W., Zhang, J.-W., Yang, D.-P.: A two-step biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil via recycling crude glycerol esterification catalyzed by alkali catalyst. Fuel Process. Technol. 137, 186–193 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kouzu, M., Hidake, J.: Transesterification of vegetable oil into biodiesel catalyzed by CaO: a review. Fuel 93, 1–12 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Avhad, M., Marchetti, J.: A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 50, 696–718 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Viriya-empikul, N., Krasae, P., Puttasawat, B., Yoosuk, B., Chollacoop, N., Faungnawakij, K.: Waste shells of mollusk and egg as biodiesel production catalysts. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 3765–3767 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sirisomboonchai, S., Abuduwayiti, M., Guan, G., Samart, C., Abliz, S., Hao, X., Kusakabe, K., Abuluda, A.: Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using calcined scallop shell as catalyst. Energy Convers. Manag. 95, 242–247 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar, P., Sarma, A.K., Jha, M.K., Bansal, A., Srivasatava, B.: Utilization of renewable and waste materials for biodiesel production as catalyst. Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal. 10, 221–229 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Boro, J., Deka, D., Thakur, A.J.: A review on solid oxide derived from waste shells as catalyst for biodiesel production. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 16, 904–910 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Gao, J.: Heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste shells for biodiesel production. Energy Source Part A 37, 598–605 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tan, Y.H., Abdullah, M.O., Nolasco-Hipolito, C., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H.: Waste ostrich- and chicken-eggshells as heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: catalyst characterization and biodiesel yield performance. Appl. Energy 160, 58–70 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kouzu, M., Kajita, A., Fujimori, A.: Catalytic activity of calcined scallop shell for rapeseed oil transesterification to produce biodiesel. Fuel 182, 220–226 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Puna, J., Correia, M.J., Dias, A.P., Gomes, J., Bordado, J.: Biodiesel production from waste frying oils over lime catalysts. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 109, 405–415 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chad, P., Reddy, C.V., Verkade, J.G., Wang, T., Grewell, D.: Thermogravimetric quantification of biodiesel produced via alkali catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil. Energy Fuel 23, 989–992 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dias, A. P., Bernardo, J., Felizardo, P., Correia, M.J.N.: Biodiesel production over thermal activated cerium modified Mg-Al hydrotalcires. Energy 41, 344–353 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Charisiou, N.D., Avraam, D.G., Goula, M.A.: Economic viability of biodiesel industry through glycerol valorization. In: Int. Conf.“Biofuels for Sustainable Development of Southern Europe”, pp. 1–2 Thessaloniki, Greece (2012)

  25. Dias, A.P., Puna, J., Gomes, J., Correia, M.J., Bordado, J.: Biodiesel production over lime. Catalytic contributions of bulk phases and surface Ca species formed during reaction. Renew. Energy 99, 622–630 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Castilho, S., Kiennemann, A., Pereira, M.F.C., Dias, A.P.S.: Sorbents for CO2 capture from biogenesis calcium wastes. Chem. Eng. J. 226, 146–153 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Puna, J.F., Gomes, J.F., Correia, M.J., Dias, A.P., Bordado, J.C.: Advances on the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides in biodiesel. Fuel 89, 3602–3606 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Puna, J.F., Gomes, J.F., Bordado, J.C., Correia, M.J., Dias, A.P.: Biodiesel production over lithium modified lime catalysts: activity and deactivation. Appl. Catal. A 470, 451–457 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Shan, R., Zhao, C., Lv, P., Yuan, H., Yao, J.: Catalytic applications of calcium rich waste materials for biodiesel: current state and perspectives. Energy Convers. Manag. 127, 273–283 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Nanda, M., Yuan, Z., Qin, W., Poirier, M., Chunbao, X.: Purification of crude glycerol using acidification: effects of acid types and product characterization. Austin J. Chem. Eng. 1, 1004 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal, for funding project PTDC/EMS-ENE/4865/2014. Professor Manuel Francisco da Costa Pereira (CERENA, IST) for the availability of the thermobalance as well as the essential help in the XRD data analysis. Atlantic University for the FTIR acquisition spectra. Centro de Estudos de Engenharia Química do ISEL, for muffle utilization in the activation of food wastes catalyst fresh samples.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal

    M. Catarino & A. P. Soares Dias

  2. ADEQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007, Lisboa, Portugal

    M. Ramos, M. T. Santos, J. F. Puna & J. F. Gomes

  3. CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal

    J. F. Puna & J. F. Gomes

Authors
  1. M. Catarino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Ramos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. P. Soares Dias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. T. Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. F. Puna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J. F. Gomes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. T. Santos.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Catarino, M., Ramos, M., Dias, A.P.S. et al. Calcium Rich Food Wastes Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. Waste Biomass Valor 8, 1699–1707 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9988-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9988-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation