Abstract
Coal tar pitch (CTP) was modified with paraformaldehyde (POM) within the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTS). CTP and the modified CTP (MCTP) were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pyrolysis behaviors of CTP and MCTP were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the pyrolysis kinetics were analyzed via Coats-Redfern method which based on the TGA data. Experimental results demonstrated that MCTP had a higher polymerization degree, leading to an increase in carbonization yield by 14 wt%. The anisotropic degree of CTP was increased after modification by POM. New phases were formed during modification, and their decomposition was to be suppressed when pyrolyzed, while they underwent more polymerisation reactions at higher temperatures. CTP had a single pyrolysis stage, which can be described by the second order reaction model (F2). And the activation energy of CTP pyrolysis was 38.32 kJ mol−1. The pyrolysis of MCTP contained three stages, which the third order reaction model (F3), the fourth order reaction model (F4) and the one-dimensional diffusion (D1) model were the most probable mechanisms for the three stages, respectively. The activation energies of the three stages were 56.20, 86.89 and 9.10 kJ mol−1, respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
CCIA http://www.cnljxh.com/MTHG/2012/11/8/118HBK2A.html 2012
Li, Z.T., Wu, Y.J., Zhao, Y., Wang, L.X., Zhu, H.S., Qin, L.J., Feng, F.F., Wang, W., Wu, Y.M.: Analysis of coal tar pitch and smoke extract components and their cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells. J. Hazard. Mater. 186(2), 1277–1282 (2011)
Zhang, W.J., Li, T.H., Liu, H.G., Dang, A.L., Hou, C.L., Zhao, T.K., Li, G.M.: Preparation and carbonization behavior of cinnamaldehyde modified coal tar pitch. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 94, 63–67 (2012)
Ma, Y.H., Niu, R.X., Wang, X.N., Wang, Q.H., Wang, X.Q., Sun, H.: Co-pyrolysis behaviour and kinetic of two typical solid wastes in China and characterisation of activated carbon prepared from pyrolytic char. Waste Manag. Res. 32(11), 1123–1133 (2014)
Lin, Q.L., Li, T.H., Zheng, C.Z., Zhao, Y., Song, S.H.: Carbonization behavior of coal-tar pitch modified with divinylbenzene and optical texture of resultant semi-cokes. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 71(2), 817–826 (2012)
Lin, Q.L., Su, W., Xie, Y.: Effect of rosin to coal-tar pitch on carbonization behavior and optical texture of resultant semi-cokes. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 86(1), 8–13 (2009)
Zhang, W.J., Li, T.H., Lu, M., Hou, C.L.: Comparative study of the modification of coal tar pitch for higher carbonization yield and better properties. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 21(12), 1391–1396 (2013)
Cao, Q., Guo, L.C., Dong, Y.W., Xie, X.L., Jin, L.E.: Autocatalytic modification of coal tar pitch using benzoyl chloride and its effect on the structure of char. Fuel Process. Technol. 129, 61–66 (2015)
Sun, M., Ma, X.X., Cao, W., Du, P.P., Yang, Y.H., Xu, L.: Effect of polymerization with paraformaldehyde on thermal reactivity of >300 °C fraction from low temperature coal tar. Thermochim. Acta 538, 48–54 (2012)
Lin, Q.L., Li, T.H., Ji, Y.B., Wang, W.Z., Wang, X.X.: Study of the modification of coal-tar pitch with p-methyl benzaldehyde. Fuel 84(2), 177–182 (2005)
Slovák, V., Šušák, P.: Pitch pyrolysis kinetics from single TG curve. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 72(2), 249–252 (2004)
El-Sayed, S.A., Mostafa, M.E.: Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters determination of biomass fuel powders by differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). Energy Convers. Manag. 85, 165–172 (2014)
Miranda, M., Cabrita, I., Pinto, F., Gulyurtlu, I.: Mixtures of rubber tyre and plastic wastes pyrolysis: a kinetic study. Energy 58, 270–282 (2013)
Liu, S.Q., Wang, Y.Y., Wang, C.H., Bao, P.C., Dang, J.L.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation under simulated coal seam pyrolysis conditions. Min. Sci. Technol. (China). 21(4), 605–610 (2011)
Aboulkas, A., EI harfi, K., EI bouadili, A.: Kinetic and mechanism of Tarfaya (Morocco) oil shale and LDPE mixture pyrolysis. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 206(1), 16–24 (2008)
Gai, C., Zhang, Y.H., Chen, W.T., Zhang, P., Dong, Y.P.: Thermogravimetric and kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition characteristics of low-lipid microalgae. Bioresour. Technol. 150, 139–148 (2013)
Chen, Y., Duan, J., Luo, Y.H.: Investigation of agricultural residues pyrolysis behavior under inert and oxidative conditions. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 83(2), 165–174 (2008)
White, J.E., Catallo, W.J., Legendre, B.L.: Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: a comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 91(1), 1–33 (2011)
Wu, D.: Preparation of low-toxic coal tar pitch and study of physical and chemical properties (China). Dalian University of Technology (2010)
Cao, Q., Guo, L., Dong, Y., et al.: Autocatalytic modification of coal tar pitch using benzoyl chloride and its effect on the structure of char[J]. Bull. Folk. Soc. Kyoto Kyoto Minzoku 129(90), 61–66 (2015)
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by Environmental Public Welfare Industry Special Scientific Research of China (No. 201209025). The first author wish to thank Ms. Hongxia Fan at USTB for the assistance of TG analysis, and Center for environmental quality test (CEQT).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Ma, Y., Niu, R. et al. Pyrolysis Behaviour and Kinetic of Coal Tar Pitch Modified with Paraformaldehyde. Waste Biomass Valor 8, 209–216 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9568-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9568-3