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Utilization of Biomass Residue (Leaves) Generated from Populus deltoides Plantations for Development of Protein Concentrate

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Abstract

Substantial amount of the leaves as biomass residue is produced from Populus deltoides (poplar) plantations which has no commercial value and remain underutilized. Feasibility of utilization of this biomass residue for development of protein concentrate as a food/feed supplement was examined. A process for isolation of leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was optimized through investigating the influence of various process parameters on the yield and protein content of the LPC. The parameters optimized were ratio of fresh leaves to water (1:9), coagulation temperature (90 °C) and duration (11 min), and pH (4.0). The optimized process was applied for isolation of LPCs from lower, middle and upper canopy of the tree, and the LPCs containing protein 59.24 ± 0.50, 59.56 ± 0.40 and 59.66 ± 0.10 % were recovered in 7.79 ± 0.01, 7.66 ± 0.12 and 7.83 ± 0.14 % yield, respectively. The proximate nutritional composition (moisture, 6.91, 7.08, 7.08 %; fat, 17.96, 16.95, 18.27 %; crude fibre, 1.54, 1.53, 1.54 %; ash, 4.35, 4.38, 4.36 %; carbohydrates, 18.43, 19.08, 18.01 %; organic matter, 95.64, 95.72, 95.95 %; total free amino acids, 0.034, 0.035, 0.036 % E of Leucine; pigments (chlorophyll, 4.64, 4.68, 4.65 mg/g; total carotene 19.94, 19.91, 19.99 mg/100 g; xanthophylls, 0.21, 0.21, 0.22 %); minerals (Na, 5.11, 5.06, 5.17 mg/100 g; Ca, 1.98, 1.97, 1.99 %; P, 0.58, 0.57, 0.58 %; Fe, 70.47, 70.44, 70.48 mg/100 g), in vitro digestibility (86.20, 86.39, 86.54 %) and anti-nutritional factors (total polyphenols, 0.084, 0.084, 0.085 % gallic acid equivalent) of these LPCs were determined. Analysis of variance of these data revealed no significant difference with respect to canopy. It was inferred that the poplar leaves hold potential for development of LPC as a food/feed supplement to combat nutrition deficiency.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun for encouragement and providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. One of the authors (LHK) is grateful to the University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, 248006, India

    Lutful Haque Khan & V. K. Varshney

  2. Chemistry Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, 560003, India

    Sanjay Naithani

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  1. Lutful Haque Khan
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  2. V. K. Varshney
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Correspondence to V. K. Varshney.

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Khan, L.H., Varshney, V.K. & Naithani, S. Utilization of Biomass Residue (Leaves) Generated from Populus deltoides Plantations for Development of Protein Concentrate. Waste Biomass Valor 5, 995–1004 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-014-9306-7

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