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Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of yttrium-doped calcium strontium titanate prepared by solid-state reaction technique

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Abstract

Fine ceramics of calcium strontium titanate and yttrium-doped calcium strontium titanate having formula (YxCa0.50−xSr0.50)TiO3 where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 have been prepared by using a solid-state reaction technique. Thermal analysis using thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis of the prepared material has been performed to determine the calcination temperature. Formation of desired well-crystalline material belonging to orthorhombic phase with space group as ‘Pnma’ was confirmed by using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Surface morphology has been studied by scanning electron microscopy which shows the formation of irregular features with an average grain size lying in the range of 0.58 to 0.84 μm. The elemental composition of the prepared material was studied by using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis which shows the presence of all the major elements present in the prepared compositions. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic studies show that the bandgap of the prepared material lies in the range of 3.5 to 3.7 eV. Fourier transform infrared spectra show the presence of Ti–O stretching and Ti–O–Ti bending modes of vibration in the prepared material. The FT-Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of orthorhombic perovskite active modes such as Ca–TiO3 lattice mode, Ti–O3 torsional mode, O–Ti–O bending and Ti–O symmetric stretching vibrations. The dielectric constant (\(\varepsilon^{\prime }\)) with respect to frequency shows the contribution of electronic, ionic, dipolar and surface polarization for the high value of \(\varepsilon^{\prime }\) at low frequencies, and the temperature dependence of \(\varepsilon^{\prime }\) shows low-temperature phase transition as well for yttrium-doped calcium strontium titanate. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity follows the Mott relation which shows the increase in ac conductivity with the increase in frequency. Thus, such rare-earth-doped material can be used in the fabrication of high-frequency dielectric devices and microwave devices.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank DST – SAIF KOCHI for providing the facilities of PXRD and SEM-EDAX. The authors are also highly thankful to SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, for providing the facility of FT-Raman. The authors also acknowledge the help given to the laboratory under RUSA 2.0 and PURSE grants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crystal Growth and Material Research (CGMR) Lab, Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Kumari Kanika Bhadwal, Bindu Raina, Sonali Thakur & K. K. Bamzai

Authors
  1. Kumari Kanika Bhadwal
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  2. Bindu Raina
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  3. Sonali Thakur
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  4. K. K. Bamzai
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study of this problem. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Kumari Kanika Bhadwal, Bindu Raina and Sonali Thakur. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Kumari Kanika Bhadwal. Prof. K. K. Bamzai supervised and conceived the problem. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to K. K. Bamzai.

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Bhadwal, K.K., Raina, B., Thakur, S. et al. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of yttrium-doped calcium strontium titanate prepared by solid-state reaction technique. Indian J Phys 97, 85–104 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02383-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02383-3

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