Abstract
In this work, an optical waveguide in the chalcogenide glass (80GeS2–15Ga2S3–5Sb2S3) is fabricated for the first time and its optical properties are investigated. A one-dimensional chalcogenide waveguide structure has been formed by 550 keV He+ ion implantation with a dose of 4 × 1016 ions/cm2 at room temperature. The effective refractive indices of the guided modes at the wavelength of 632.8 nm were measured with the aid of the Model 2010 Prism Coupler system. The refractive index profile, a critical factor in the analysis of waveguide structure, was reconstructed by the reflectivity calculation method. It was found that a positive change of refractive index occurred in the waveguide region, and an optical barrier with decreased refractive index was built at the end of the ion trajectory, i.e., producing a type of “well + barrier” structure. The SRIM 2013 program was utilized to display the profile of the energy loss versus the penetrated depth when the incident ion beam implanted. The near-field intensity distribution for the fundamental mode along the TE polarization was simulated through the finite-difference beam propagation method. From our experiments, these data provide a great deal of useful information about the manufacture of the chalcogenide waveguide structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A Ravagli, M Naftaly, C Craig, E Weatherby and D W Hewak Opt. Mater. 69 339 (2017)
F X Guo, S X Dai, J Z Tang, X S Wang, X Li, Y S Xu, Y H Wu and Z J Liu Opt. Fiber. Technol. 38 41 (2017)
T Liu, C X Liu, H T Guo, Q Huang, P Liu, S S Guo, L Zhang, Y F Zhou, J R Sun, Z G Wang and X L Wang Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 314 166 (2013)
L Calvez C. R. Phys. 18 314 (2017)
M Bernier, V Fortin, N Caron, M El-Amraoui, Y Messaddeq and R Vallée Opt. Lett. 38 127 (2013)
T S Saini, A Kumar and R K Sinha Opt. Commun. 347 13 (2015)
J Hu, V Tarasov, A Agarwal, L Kimerling, N Carlie, L Petit and K Richardson Opt. Express 15 2307 (2007)
V I Nalivaiko and M A Ponomareva Opt. Spectrosc. 123 320 (2017)
X F Yu, T Liu, L Zhang, Y F Zhou, T J Wang and X L Wang Appl. Opt. 53 278 (2014)
T Kohoutek, X Yan, T W Shiosaka, S N Yannopoulos, A Chrissanthopoulos, T Suzuki and Y Ohishi J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28 2284 (2011)
H Yin, L Li, G Yang, Y Wang, J Zheng, H Zeng and G Chen J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 100 5512 (2017)
V S Shiryaev and M F Churbanov J. Non-Cryst. Sol. 475 1 (2017)
M Hughes, W Yang and D Hewak Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 131113 (2007)
F Chen, X L Wang and K M Wang Opt. Mater. 29 1523 (2007)
M Guignard, V Nazabal, J Troles, F Smektala, H Zeghlache, Y Quiquempois, A Kudlinski and G Martinelli Opt. Express 13 789 (2005)
J Troles, Y Niu, C Duverger-Arfuso, F Smektala, L Brilland, V Nazabal, V Moizan, F Desevedavy and P Houizot Mater. Res. Bull. 43 976 (2008)
P J Chandler and F L Lama Opt. Acta. 33 127 (1986)
Rsoft Design Group Computer software Beam PROP version 8.0 http://www.rsoftdesign.com
J F Ziegler SRIM-The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter http://www.srim.org
F Chen, X L Wang, X S Li, L L Hu, Q M Lu, K M Wang, B R Shi and D Y Shen Appl. Surf. Sci. 193 92 (2002)
X L Shen, Q F Zhu, R L Zheng, P Lv, H T Guo and C X Liu Res. Phys. 8 352 (2018)
Q F Zhu, Y Wang, X L Shen, H T Guo and C X Liu IEEE Photonics J. 10 2400507 (2018)
X F Wang, Y M Wang, Y Y Bu, X H Yan, J Wang, P Q Cai, T Vu and H J Seo Sci. Rep. 7 43383 (2017)
Y Tan, J R Vázquez de Aldana and F Chen Opt. Eng. 53 107109 (2014)
L N Ma, Y Tan, M Ghorbani-Asl, R Böttger, S Kretschmer, S Q Zhou, Z Y Huang, A V Krasheninnikov and F Chen Nanoscale 9 11027 (2017)
Y Wang, X L Shen, R L Zheng, H T Guo, P Lv and C X Liu J Korean Phys. Soc. 72 765 (2018)
J H Zhao, X F Qin, F X Wang, G Fu, J Du and X L Wang Opt. Mater. Express 3 426 (2013)
X J Cui, L L Wang, H K Zhang and T Chen Opt. Eng. 55 036107 (2016)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11405041, 51502144 and 61505084), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 1708085ME96), and Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province (General Project-Industrial Field 2019GY-112).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, JY., Zhou, Q., Wang, Y. et al. Characterization of optical waveguide in chalcogenide glass formed by helium ion implantation. Indian J Phys 95, 1239–1243 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01768-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01768-6