Skip to main content
Log in

Raman Spectral Mapping of III–V Nitride and Graphene Nanostructures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
MAPAN Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Among several spectroscopic imaging techniques to visualise the nanostructures, Raman spectral imaging is one of the most indispensible non-destructive tools. We discuss the limitations and the importance of each step involved in the Raman imaging in the visualization of different nanostructures and illustrated with examples. Raman spectroscopic imaging of nanostructures is demonstrated for differentiation of morphology in InN nanorods, crystallographic orientation for single square faceted GaN nanotube and layer thickness of graphene layers. The limitations of the spatial and spectral resolutions of the Raman maps are evaluated in the illustration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference

  1. G. Xiong, X. Huang, S. Leake, M. C. Newton, R. Harder and I. K Robinson, Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of ZnO nanostructures under confined illumination, New J. Phys., 13 (2011) 033006-1-11.

    Google Scholar 

  2. B. H. Frazera, M. Girasole, L. M. Wiese, T. Franz and G. De Stasio, Spectromicroscope for the photoelectron imaging of nanostructures with x-rays (SPHINX): performance in biology, medicine and geology, Ultramicroscopy, 99 (2004) 87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Kardjilov, I. Manke, A. Hilger, M. Strobl and J. Banhart, Netron imaging in materials science, Mater. Today, 14 (2011) 248–256;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Kardjilov, I. Manke, M. Strobl, A. Hilger, W. Treimer, M. Meissner, T. Krist and J. Banhart, Three-dimensional imaging of magnetic fields with polarised neutrons, Nat. Phys., 4 (2008) 399–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Sahoo, J. Basu, S. Dhara, H. C. Fang, C.-P. Liu, T. R. Ravindran, S. Dash and A. K. Tyagi, Single step growth dynamics of core-shell GaN on Ga2O3 freestanding nanoprotruted microbelts, J. Mater. Sci., 47 (2012) 3447–3453.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. Trupke, B. Mitchell, J.W. Weber, W. McMillan, R.A. Bardos and R. Kroeze, Photoluminescence imaging for photovoltaic applications, Energy Procedia, 15 (2012) 135–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of optics, Cambridge: Cambridge University (1999) p. 461.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. K. K. Madapu, N. R. Ku, S. Dhara, C. P. Liu and A. K. Tyagi, Morphology of InN nanorods using spectroscopic Raman imaging, J. Raman Spectrosc., 44 (2013) 791–794.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. J. Ku, J. H. Huang, C. H. Wang, H. C. Fang, C. P. Liu, Crystal face-dependent nanopiezotronics of an obliquely aligned InN nanorod array, Nano Lett., 12 (2012) 562–568.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Sahoo, M. S. Hu, C. W. Hsu, C. T. Wu, K. H. Chen, L. C. Chen, A. K. Arora and S. Dhara, Surface optical Raman modes in InN nanostructures, Appl. Phys. Let., 93 (2008) 233116-1-3.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. T. Azuhata, T. Sota, K. Suzuki and S. Nakamura, Polarized Raman spectra in GaN, J. Phys., 7 (1995) L129–L133.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. Patsha, P. Sahoo, S. Dhara, S. Amirthapandian and A. K. Tyagi, Probing crystallographic orientation of a single GaN nanotube using polarized Raman imaging. J. Raman Spectrosc., 44 (2013) 651–654.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Sahoo, S. Dhara, S. Dash, A. K. Tyagi, Photo-induced tunable local oxidation and fragmentation in Pt ultra-nanoclusters functionalized GaN nanotubes. J. Nanopart. Res., 14 (2012) 1103-1-10.

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Sahoo, S. Dhara, S. Dash, S. Amirthapandian, A. K. Prasad and A. K. Tyagi, Room temperature H2 sensing using functionalized GaN nanotubes with ultra low activation energy, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013) 3513–3520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J. A. Yan, W. Y. Ruan, M. Y. Chou, Phonon dispersions and vibrational properties of monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene: Density-functional perturbation theory, Phys. Rev. B, 77 (2008) 125401.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Casiraghi, S. Pisana, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim and A. C. Ferrari, Raman fingerprint of charged impurities in grapheme, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91 (2007) 233108-1-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Kataria, A. Patsha, S. Dhara, A. K. Tyagi and H. C, Barshilia, Raman imaging on high-quality graphene grown by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition, J. Raman Spectrosc., 43 (2012) 1864–1867.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank S. Kataria, Surface Engineering Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore for growing graphene samples. We thank C.-P. Liu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan exclusively for supplying InN nanorod samples. We also thank P. Sahoo; A. K. Tyagi and C. S. Sundar at IGCAR for their respective contributions. One of us (AP) acknowledges Department of Atomic Energy for the financial aid.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Dhara.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Patsha, A., Madapu, K.K. & Dhara, S. Raman Spectral Mapping of III–V Nitride and Graphene Nanostructures. MAPAN 28, 279–283 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-013-0082-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-013-0082-9

Keywords

Navigation