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TREM2 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress Response and Neuroinflammation by Promoting Sirtuin3 in BV2 Cells

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Abstract

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a crucial role in modulating microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. The NAD-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress response and neuroinflammation. TREM2 deficiency impairs the denovo synthesis pathway of NAD+. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TREM2 and SIRT3 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in BV2 cells. Lentivirus vector-mediated TREM2 overexpression (TREM2-OE) and corresponding negative control vector (TREM2-NC) were synthesized. BV2 cells were treated with LPS and/or TREM2-OE. 3-TYP, a selective SIRT3 inhibitor, was applied to determine the role of SIRT3 in the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of TREM2. TREM2, SIRT3, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by Western blot analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was tested by SOD Assay Kit. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was examined by immunofluorescence. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was determined by ELISA. Contents of NAD+ and NADH were detected by WST-8 method. LPS (1ug/ml for 24 h) significantly decreased TREM2 expression at both RNA and protein levels (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Lower levels of SIRT3 protein and NAD+ were also detected following LPS stimulation (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). LPS significantly enhanced ROS, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β expression (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). PSD-95 and BDNF expression were decreased triggered by LPS (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). TREM2 overexpression enhanced NAD+ and SIRT3 protein expression following LPS challenge in BV2 cells (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). TREM2 alleviated LPS-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, TREM2 overexpression upregulated PSD-95 and BDNF expression (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of TREM2 were partially abrogated by SIRT3 antagonist 3-TYP (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, selective SIRT3 inhibition also partially abrogated TREM2-induced BDNF protein upregulation (p < 0.05) but failed to influence PSD-95 protein expression following LPS stimulation. LPS induces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in BV2 cells, which may be mediated in part by the downregulation of TREM2 and SIRT3. TREM2 overexpression ameliorates LPS-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through enhancing SIRT3 function via NAD+.

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The data supporting the findings of this study are presented within the manuscript.

Abbreviations

POCD:

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction

TREM2:

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2

SIRT3:

Sirtuin 3

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

PSD-95:

Postsynaptic density-95

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1β

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NLRP3:

Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3

NAD+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

BCA:

Bicinchon-inic acid

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

DHE:

Dihydroethidium

OD:

Optical density

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81300938), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.SQ2018YFC200044), Liaoning Province Education Foundation (Grant No.QN2019007), and Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.20180550022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China

    Hongqing Li, Wenwen Jiang, Kexin Wang, Xuezhao Cao, Jie Zou, Yongjian Zhou, Zhe Li, Sidan Liu, Xiaotong Cui & Xinyue Zhang

  2. Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China

    Fang Liu

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  1. Hongqing Li
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  2. Fang Liu
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  3. Wenwen Jiang
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Contributions

XZC and FL designed the study and supported the funding. HQL, WWJ, KXW, JZ, YJZ, ZL, SDL, XYZ, and XTC carried out the molecular tests. HQL and WWJ performed statistical analysis and XZC drafted the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuezhao Cao.

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All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University (2020–302-2).

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Li, H., Liu, F., Jiang, W. et al. TREM2 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress Response and Neuroinflammation by Promoting Sirtuin3 in BV2 Cells. Neurotox Res 40, 56–65 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00459-2

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