Abstract
It is unknown whether amyloid beta-protein 31–35 (Aβ[31–35]) has effects similar to Aβ[1–40] and Aβ[25–35] on the intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) to induce a disruption of calcium homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aβ[31–35] on [Ca2+]i in primary cultured cortical neurons using real time fluorescence imaging technique and the Ca2+-sensitive dye Furo-2/AM. It was found that Aβ[31–35] (25 μM) could induce a significant elevation in [Ca2+]i and a decrease in the average latency in the cortical neurons in a dose-dependent manner. To examine whether the activation of group III mGluRs could block the changes in [Ca2+]i and protect neurons from apoptosis induced by Aβ[31–35], we then investigated the effects of l-serine-O-phosphate (l-SOP) and (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine ((R,S)-PPG), the selective agonists of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), on [Ca2+]i and apoptosis in neurons treated by Aβ[31–35]. We demonstrated that l-SOP or (R,S)-PPG (100 μM) treatment suppresses significantly the elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by Aβ[31–35] and also induces an almost complete recovery of both the fluorescence intensity and apoptotic cells (%) to the control level in the neurons. These results suggest that Aβ[31–35] may be the shortest sequence responsible for the neuronal toxicity of Aβ protein and that the neuroprotective role of the activation of group III mGluRs from the apoptosis induced by Aβ[31–35] might be partly due to its ability to inhibit the increased calcium influx, which results from Aβ[31–35].
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Abbreviations
- [Ca2+]i:
-
Intracellular calcium concentration
- DMEM:
-
Dubecco’s modified Eagle medium
- FBS:
-
Fetal bovine serum
- fura-2AM:
-
Fura-2-pentacetoxymethylester
- MAP2:
-
Microtubule-associated protein 2
- l-SOP:
-
l-Serine-O-phosphate
- l-AP4:
-
l-2-Amino-4-phosphonobutanoate
- mGluR:
-
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
- NMDA:
-
N-Methyl-d-aspartate
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- Aβ[31–35]:
-
Amyloid beta-protein 31–35
- (R,S)-PPG:
-
(R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine
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Acknowledgments
The studies in our laboratories were supported by Research Grants from Shanxi Medical University, The Competitive Earmarked Grants of The Hong Kong Research Grants Council (CUHK466907-KY), Direct Grant of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (A/C: 4450226-KY and 4450273-KY), RGC-NSFC Grant (KY), Grants from Hong Kong Polytechnic University (I-BB8L, GU-384 and G-YG11) and National Key Laboratory of CMMP (Shenzhen), and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Circle Program. We declare that we have no financial interests.
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Zhao, L., Zhao, S.T., Qian, Z.M. et al. Activation of Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Reduces Intracellular Calcium in β-Amyloid Peptide [31–35]-Treated Cortical Neurons. Neurotox Res 16, 174–183 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-009-9068-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-009-9068-3