Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of the selected hematological profiles among malaria and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients, Northwest Ethiopia

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Parasitic Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Malaria and schistosomiasis are infectious diseases that cause hematological profiles abnormalities. Malaria and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection causes exacerbation of health consequences and co-morbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the selected hematological profiles among malaria and S. mansoni co-infected patients at Dembiya Selected Health Institutions. An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March 30 to August 10, 2022. A total of 140 individuals were enrolled in the study using a convenient sampling technique. Wet mount and Kato Katz technique were conducted to detect S. mansoni in Stool sample. Blood films were prepared for the detection of plasmodium. The data was coded and entered into EpiData version 3.1 before being analyzed with SPSS version 25. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit [4.IU/L,2.2 IU/L, 1.4 IU/L, 0.1 IU/L, 3.13 IU/L, 9.5 g/dL, and 28.7%, resepectively] in co-infected were significantly lower than [7.5 IU/L, 4.6 IU/L, 2.1 IU/L, 0.38 IU/L, 4.8 IU/L, 14.6 g/dL, and 43.7%, resepectively] in the healthy control participants. Mean of RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit [3.13 IU/L, 9.5 g/dL, 28.7%, resepectively] in co-infected were significantly lower compared to [3.8 IU/L, 11.5 g/dL, 33.9%, resepectively] in the malaria monoinfected participants and [3.7 IU/L,11.5 g/dL, 33.6%, resepectively] in the S. mansoni monoinfected participants. The result of hematological profiles in healthy participants had no significant difference compared to light,moderate and heavy S. mansoni infection intensity in coinfection. The number of S. mansoni eggs per gram of stool had been negatively correlated with hematological profiles of co-infected participants except lymphocyte and monocyte which correlated positively. Hematological profiles status in coinfection were significantly altered compared to malaria monoinfection, S. mansoni monoinfection, and healthy participants.Therefore, hematological tests should be used to monitor and manage coinfection related complications, and to reduce coinfection associated morbidity and mortality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

We confirmed that all the data for this manuscript are available, if someone wants to request the data can contact WA.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

EPG:

Eggs per gram

G/DL:

Gram/deciliters

FL:

Femtoliters

KM:

Kilometers

MCV:

Mean cell volume

MCH:

Mean cell hemoglobin

MCHC:

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

ML:

Milliliters

PG:

Picograms

PI:

Principal investigator

RBC:

Red blood cell

SD:

Standard deviation

WBC:

White blood cell

WHO:

World health organization

References

  • Aagaard-Hansen, B.B.J., The social context of schistosomiasis and its control. World Health Organization, 2008.

  • Abou-Zeid AH, Abkar TA, Mohamed RO (2013) Schistosomiasis infection among primary school students in a war zone, Southern Kordofan State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 13(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/cl/hematology/systems/advia-560-hematology-system, Advia 560 User Manual,Chile.

  • Agnihotri DV, Soni K (2017) Parasitemia and its relation to blood indices and liver function among malarial patients. IJBAR 8:222–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aminake MN, Pradel G (2013) Antimalarial drugs resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and the current strategies to overcome them. Microb Pathog Strategies Combating Them: Sci, Technol Education 1:269–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Atroosh WM et al (2015) Genetic variation of pfhrp2 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Yemen and the performance of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic test. Parasit Vectors 8(1):1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awoke N, Arota A (2019) Profiles of hematological parameters in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria patients attending Tercha General Hospital, Dawuro Zone, South Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S184489

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Booth M (2006) The role of residential location in apparent helminth and malaria associations. Trends Parasitol 22(8):359–362

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cando LFT et al (2022) The global prevalence of schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tropic. Med. Infect. Dis. 7(11):354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fully Automatic Clinical Chemistry analyzer:Roche,Cobas C311,India,2014.

  • Degarege A et al (2016) Plasmodium falciparum infection status among children with Schistosoma in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(12):e0005193

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deol AK et al (2019) Schistosomiasis—assessing progress toward the 2020 and 2025 global goals. N Engl J Med 381(26):2519–2528

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dessie N, Lema W, Aemero M (2020) Hematological and biochemical profile of patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni in comparison with apparently healthy individuals at Sanja Town, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. J Tropic Med. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4083252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dufera M (2016) The Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology. Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzeing-Ella A et al (2005) Severe falciparum malaria in Gabonese children: clinical and laboratory features. Malar J 4(1):1–8

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elkhalifa AM et al (2021) Hematological indices and abnormalities among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kosti city of the White Nile state, Sudan: a comparative study. BMC Infect Dis 21(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ezenwa VO (2021) Co-infection and nutrition: integrating ecological and epidemiological perspectives. Nutr Infect Dis: Shift Clin Paradigm. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56913-6_14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florey LS et al (2012) Partnering parasites: evidence of synergism between heavy Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium species infections in Kenyan children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(7):e1723

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman JF, Kanzaria HK, McGarvey ST (2005) Human schistosomiasis and anemia: the relationship and potential mechanisms. Trends Parasitol 21(8):386–392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Getie S et al (2015) Prevalence and clinical correlates of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection among malaria infected patients. Northwest Ethiopia BMC Res Notes 8:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Girum T, Shumbej T, Shewangizaw M (2019) Burden of malaria in Ethiopia, 2000–2016: findings from the global health estimates 2016. Tropic. Dis., Travel Med. Vaccines 5:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Godse RR (2013) Hematological and biochemical evaluation in malaria patients with clinical correlation. IJRRMS 3(4):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Gryseels B et al (2006) Human schistosomiasis. The Lancet 368(9541):1106–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamau E et al (2021) Epidemiological and clinical implications of asymptomatic malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections in a rural community in western Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 21:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karanikas G et al (2004) Platelet kinetics and scintigraphic imaging in thrombocytopenic malaria patients. Thromb Haemost 91(03):553–557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kepha S et al (2015) Epidemiology of coinfection with soil transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum among school children in Bumula District in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors 8:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kochar DK et al (2005) Plasmodium vivax malaria. Emerg Infect Dis 11(1):132

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kyu HH et al (2018) Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 392(10159):1859–1922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDevitt MA et al (2004) The anemia of malaria infection: role of inflammatory cytokines. Curr Hematol Rep 3(2):97–106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mwangi TW, Bethony J, Brooker S (2006) Malaria and helminth interactions in humans: an epidemiological viewpoint. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100(7):551–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nana RR, Hawadak J, Foko LP, Kumar A, Chaudhry S, Arya A, Singh V (2023) Intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine for malaria: a global overview and challenges affecting optimal drug uptake in pregnant women. Pathog Glob Health 117(5):462–475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nasir S et al (2020) Prevention of re-establishment of malaria: historical perspective and future prospects. Malar J 19(1):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Organization, W.H., Reproductive health indicators: guidelines for their generation, interpretation and analysis for global monitoring. 2006: World Health Organization.

  • Organization, W.H., WHO guideline for malaria, 6, December, 2021. 2021, World Health Organization.

  • Organization, W.H. and W.E.C.o. Malaria, WHO Expert Committee on Malaria: twentieth report. 2000: World Health Organization.

  • Osaro E et al (2014) Effect of plasmodium Parasitaemia on some haematological parameters in children living in Sokoto, North Western. Nigeria Int J Clin Med Res 1(2):57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • others., Z.F.a., Dembiya district finance and economic development office annual report 2017,Koladiba: officer of finance and economic development, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, .

  • Price RN et al (2001) Factors contributing to anemia after uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65(5):614

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross AG et al (2007) Katayama syndrome. Lancet Infect Dis 7(3):218–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schistosomiasis, W.E.C.o.t.C.o. and W.H. Organization, Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. 2002: World Health Organization.

  • Sorgho, H., et al., Schistosoma mansoni infection and hematological profile in an endemic foci in Western Burkina Faso. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2017. 4(10).

  • VanVoorhis CW, Morgan BL (2007) Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample sizes. Tutorials Quant Methods Psychol 3(2):43–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlgren, M. and P. Perlmann, Malaria: molecular and clinical aspects. 2003: CRC Press.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the study participants, our colleagues and all staff members of Dembiya Primary Hospital, Chuahit Health Center, and Abrija Health Center.

Funding

There is no funding in this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia

    Wagaw Abebe & Zelalem Asmare

  2. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

    Silesh Barasa

  3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Wachemo, Ethiopia

    Dagmawi Woldesenbet

  4. Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Wossenseged Lemma & Adane Derso

Authors
  1. Wagaw Abebe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zelalem Asmare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Silesh Barasa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dagmawi Woldesenbet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wossenseged Lemma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Adane Derso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

WA was conceived, designed the study, interpretation of the data, and wrote original draft of the manuscript. ZA was participated in the data collection and entering data into the software. SB was involved in data analysis. DW was participated in the laboratory assay. WL and AD were involved in supervising the entire study, editing, and reviewing the manuscript. All the authors were read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wagaw Abebe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study was conducted after ethical approval was obtained from research and ethics committee of School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences. Moreover, letter of support was submitted to the Dembiya Primary Hospital, Chuahit Health Center, and Abrija Health Center. Before starting the actual data collection, permission was obtained from the Hospital and Health Centers Chief Executive Officer or Administrator. Additionally, after explaining the purpose, benefits, and the possible risks of the study, written informed consent from the age of 18 and above and/or assent from those less than 18 years old study participants along with written informed consent from their parents/ caregiver/guardians was obtained. All laboratory results were kept confidential. Since those were stored in a file using codes without study participants name. Apparently, those positive for parasites and with hematological profiles abnormality were linked to the hospital and health centers for appropriate treatment and management.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Patients or the public involvement

Patients or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of our research.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abebe, W., Asmare, Z., Barasa, S. et al. Assessment of the selected hematological profiles among malaria and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients, Northwest Ethiopia. J Parasit Dis (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01669-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01669-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation