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Nasopharyngeal myiasis due to Cephalopina titillator in Southeastern Iran: a prevalence, histopathological, and molecular assessment

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Abstract

The Cephalopina titillator is one of the most important causative agents of nasal myiasis in camels. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, histopathological effects, and molecular identification of C. titillator infestation in camels of Kerman province, South-Eastern Iran, between 2019 and 2021. The larvae were placed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluation and species identification. Pieces of larval abdominal segments of C. titillator were selected for extraction of DNA. Partial mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced for final analysis. Out of the 870 camels examined, 339 (38.9%) were infested with larval stages of C. titillator. There was a significant difference between age and infection rate (P = 0.001), while no association between males and females (P = 0.074) was found. The infection rate was significantly higher in the winter (P < 0.001) than in the other seasons. In this study, different lesions depending on duration, locations, and the depth of larval adhesion notably degeneration changes, necrosis, and ulceration were observed. Also, in chronic cases, granulation tissue reactions were organized. Cephalopina titillator was confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis using mitochondrial CO1 region. A 582 bp nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank under the MW136151 accession number. Phylogenetic analysis of CO1 produced a single uniform sister clade to MZ209004 and MW167083 records from China and Iraq, respectively. The high prevalence of C. titillator in camels in this region and other areas of Iran declares that the country is in an endemic status and displays the existence of the potential risk for camels.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran (Grant Number 1400.1.1.408, Reza Kheirandish). The authors appreciate the cooperation of Kerman Industrial Slaughterhouse personnel.

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Author notes

  1. Maryam Hakimi Parizi and Reza Kheirandish have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Einollah Shamsi, Mohammad Hossein Radfar, Saeid Reza Nourollahifard, Soheila Fotoohi & Reza Kheirandish

  2. Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Mehdi Bamorovat & Maryam Hakimi Parizi

  3. Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Saeid Nasibi

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  1. Einollah Shamsi
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  2. Mohammad Hossein Radfar
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  4. Mehdi Bamorovat
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  5. Saeid Nasibi
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  6. Soheila Fotoohi
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  7. Maryam Hakimi Parizi
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Contributions

ES collected samples, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript, MHR designed, reviewed, and edited the manuscript, SRN supervised the field and laboratory experiment, MB analyzed, reviewed, and edited the manuscript, SN conducted molecular experiments, SF collected samples, MHP and RK conceived, designed and Supervision the study and reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Maryam Hakimi Parizi or Reza Kheirandish.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest for the work presented here.

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The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted on the journal’s author guidelines page, have been adhered to. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Committees of the Veterinary Faculty of the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (Approval ID: IR.UK.VETMED.REC.1401.013).

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Shamsi, E., Radfar, M.H., Nourollahifard, S.R. et al. Nasopharyngeal myiasis due to Cephalopina titillator in Southeastern Iran: a prevalence, histopathological, and molecular assessment. J Parasit Dis 47, 369–375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-023-01580-z

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