Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against ancylostomiasis in dogs

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Parasitic Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present experiment was carried out to assess the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole individually for anthelmintic therapy for the hookworm infested dogs. Dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine or Veterinary Clinical Complex, Bhubaneswar were randomly screened for Ancylostoma caninum infection and the positive dogs were selected for the therapeutic trial Faecal samples were collected randomly from presented dogs immediately after defaecation or from the rectum directly using a faecal scoop. The collected sample was examined by floatation technique to detect the positive cases of Ancylostoma caninum infection. The dogs with normal clinical parameters and no eggs or ova in the faeces were included in in group 1 (n = 12). Dogs with faecal sample positive for Ancylostoma caninum ova were recruited for the comparative study (n = 24) which were grouped into two groups consisting of 12 dogs in each (group 2 and 3). Group 2 dogs (n = 12) were treated with ivermectin at 200 µg/kg body weight once orally repeated after 15 days with proper supportive therapy each time. Group 3 (n = 12) were treated with fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg body weight once orally repeated after 15 days with proper supportive therapy each time. Haematological examinations and serum biochemical tests were carried out in all groups each time on day 0, 15 and 30 of the experiment. The therapeutic efficacy of both the drugs was calculated on the basis of number of animals found free of Ancylostoma infection as determined by reduction in EPG count of the faeces of the group following the treatment. The reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) count on day 15 and day 30 was more significant in group 2 than group 3. The mean EPG count reduced significantly to 24.17 ± 11.44 on day 15 from day 0 level of 1650.00 ± 247.25 in fenbendazole-treated dogs. On day 30, the mean value further reduced to become nil.The 15th day after treatment, mean (± SE) value of protein, albumin and globulin was changed to 5.63 ± 0.12, 2.64 ± 0.12 and 2.99 ± 0.15 g/dl, respectively. The 30th day after treatment, the values were 6.23 ± 0.14, 3.20 ± 0.18 and 3.03 ± 0.21 g/dl, respectively. The total protein and albumin values were significantly changed from day 0 level in group 2 and 3 by 15th day and 30th day, respectively, at 1% level of significance. Following treatment with ivermectin, the 15th day haematological values increased significantly at 1% level (P < 0.01) of significance. There was significant increase in the values at 1% level on the 30th day compared to day 0 and the mean values were non-significantly comparable to the healthy control group except PCV and TEC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

None other than Research results output has been used to prepare the manuscript. (a statement on how any datasets used can be accessed). If any of these declarations listed are not relevant to the content of your submission please state that this declaration is “not applicable”.

References

  • Areekul S, Tipayamontri U, Ukoskit K (1974) Experimental infection of A. Braziliense in dogs and cats in Thailand I. blood loss. South East J Trop Med Public Health 5:230–235

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arle BK, Lokhande DU, Narwade VE, Kazi JH (1992) Efficacy of fenbendazole and sodium disophenol against natural infection of A. caninum in dogs. Ind Vet J 69:831–833

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagherwal RK (1992) Efficacy of ivermectin against A. caninum infection in dogs. Ind Vet J 66:455–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruke TN, Roberson EL (1978) Critical studies of fenbendazole suspension (10%) against naturally occurring helminthes infection in dogs. Am J Vet Res 39:1799

    Google Scholar 

  • Chhabra S, Kharira SS, Naurial DC (2001) Studies on the prevalence and treatment of helminthic parasites of dogs. J Vet Parasitol 15:129–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig PS, Macpherson CN (2000) Dogs and Cestode Zoonoses. Zoonoses Public Health. Oxford, U.K, C.A.B. International. pp 149–211.

  • Dakhly KM, Soliman RA (2008) Importance of application of some environmental measures after deworming of stray dogs infected with some helminthes parasites. Vet Med J 54:334–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Dargie JD, Allonby EW (1975) Pathophysiology of single and challenge infections of Haemonchus contortus in Merino sheep: studies on red cell kinetics and the “self cure” phenomenon. Int J Parasitol 5:147–157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daurio CP, Roberson EL, Seward RL (1993) Efficacy of ivermectin in a beef based chewable formulation against A. caninum and U. stenocephala in dogs. J Parasitol 9:768–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgi JR, Lejambre LF, Racliffe LW (1968) Ancylostoma caninum burden in dogs. J Parasitol 55:1205–1211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiraki K, Inoue M (1959) Studies on eosinopils in bone marrow tissues culture of the human sternum, Part II.Study on the causative factor of eosinophilia in hookworm disease by means of bone marrow tissue culture with a special reference to the relationship with allergic reaction. Acta Med Okayama 13:65–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JM (1984) Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. W. B. Saunders company

  • Kalkofen UP (1987) Hookworms of dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 17:1341–1354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp RS, Coleman TG, McCarthy SJ, Kotze CA (2008) Application of in vitro anthelmintic sensitivity assays to canine parasitology: Detecting resistance to pyrantel in Ancylostoma caninum. Vet Parasitol 152:284–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Layrisse M, Alfredo PBN, Marcel P (1961) Hookworm anaemia: iron metabolism and Erythrokinetics. Blood 18:61–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeusen EN, Balic A (2000) Do eosinophils have a role in the killing of helminth parasites. Parasitol Today 6:95–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migasena S, Gilles HM, Maegraith BG (1971) Experimental Ancylostoma caninum infection in dogs. Southeast Asian J Trop Med and Public Health 2(4):534–547

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA (1965) Influence of age and sex on susceptibility of dogs to primary infection with Ancylostoma caninum. J Parasitol 51:701–704

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA (1974) The diagnosis of hookworm disease. Modern Vet Pract 55(9):706–709

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittra S, Sasmal NK (1985) Study on the haemogram of dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum through different routes. Ind Vet Med J 9:31–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Nwoha RIO, Eze IO, Anene BM (2013) Serum biochemical and liver enzymes changes in dogs with single and conjunct experimental infections of Trypanosoma brucei and Ancylostoma caninum. African J Biotechnol 12:618–624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obiukwu MO, Onyali IO (2006) Comparative efficacy of ancylol, ivomec, mebendazole and piperazine against Ancylostoma caninum in experimentally infected pups. Anim Res Int 3:540–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogunkoya BA, Useh MN, Esiievo NAK (2006) The haemogram of dogs with gastrointestinal parasites in Zaria, Nigeria. J Anim Vet Adv 5:782–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Panigrahi PN, Gupta AR, Behera SK, Panda SK, Patra RC, Mohanty BN, Sahoo GR (2014) Evaluation of gastrointestinal helminths in canine population of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India: a public health appraisal. Vet World 7:295–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qadir S, Dixit AK, Dixit P, Sharma RL (2011) Intestinal helminths induce haematological changes in dogs from Jabalpur, India. J Helminthol 85:401–403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramakrishnan R, Sundararaj A, Damodaran S, Sekharan C (1972) Haemogram and serum proteinogram in some canine diseases. Cherion 1:11–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramisz A (1984) Efficacy of ivermectin against endo and ecto parasites in carnivorous animals. Med Weter 40:728–729

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh H, Singh RP, Bali MK (1977) Treatment of ancylostomiasis in dogs comparative efficacy of different anthelmintics. Haryana Agric Univ J Res 7:226–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Soulsby EJL (1982) Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals, 7th edn. Balliere Tindall and Cassell Ltd., London, pp 765–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava JK, Gupta S, Katiyar JC (1988) Haemodynamics of hamsters during Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection. Proc Anim Sci 97:491–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sushma R, Suryanarayana C (2001) Epizootiological studies on ancylostomiasis in dogs. Ind J Vet Med 21:109–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Udonsi JH, Agunama L (1991) Experimental studies on canine ancylostomosis: morbidity, fecundity and haematological changes in the dog host. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr 39:177–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanbeers S, Vanhaere AL, Nordbeck HJ, Luyken R, Rep B (1983) Effect of experimental hookworm infection on some biochemical criteria of nutritional status. Proc Nutri Soc 42:96A

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn JB, Murphy WS (1962) Intestinal nematodes in pound dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 141:484–485

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZY, Wang XZ, Peng YF (1983) Blood sucking activities of hookworms, routes and quantities of blood loss in A. caninum and A. duodenale infections. China Med J 96:281–286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CI, Huang XX, Zhang YQ, Yen QY, Wen Y (1989) Efficacy of ivermectin in hookworms as examined in Ancylostoma caninum infections. J Parasitol. https://doi.org/10.2307/3282591

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Fund support from College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Rojali Bhanjadeo, R. C. Patra, Dibya Panda & B. N. Mohanty

  2. Department of Botany, Banki Autonomous College, Banki, India

    Rajasri Sahoo & B. N. Mohanty

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    D. P. Das & B. N. Mohanty

  4. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Rojali Bhanjadeo, R. C. Patra, Dibya Panda, Rajasri Sahoo, D. P. Das & B. N. Mohanty

Authors
  1. Rojali Bhanjadeo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. C. Patra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dibya Panda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rajasri Sahoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. P. Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. B. N. Mohanty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Applicable for submissions with multiple authors. RB: Project execution, Data analysis, writing. PRC: Planning of project, supervision, data analysis and editing of manuscript. DP: Writing. RS: Data analysis, writing, editing. DPD: pathological analysis writing, editing. BNM: Parasitological analysis and photography.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. C. Patra.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The research work was conducted in clinical cases presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex with the consent of the owners to publish the research outcome after use of anthelmentic and supportive therapy in affected dogs.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhanjadeo, R., Patra, R.C., Panda, D. et al. Comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against ancylostomiasis in dogs. J Parasit Dis 47, 37–45 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-022-01536-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-022-01536-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation