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Prevalence and molecular characterization of cystic hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered in southern Mozambique

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Abstract

Hydatid disease is a parasitic zoonosis caused by genotypes of the genus Echinococcus. This disease inflicts economic loses in livestock and cause public health burden in resource poor mostly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identity of the genotypes responsible for hydatid cysts in cattle, goats and pigs slaughtered at selected abattoirs of southern provinces of Mozambique. Cysts were collected from liver and lungs and hydatid confirmation was made by cystic membrane observation and visualization of protoscoleces by light microscope. Thirty-two hydatid cysts from 817 cattle and two from 68 pigs were collected from local slaughterhouses and slabs. DNA was extracted from protoscoleces of each cyst together with the cystic membrane and amplified based on the mitochondrial subunit 1 of the cox1 and nad1 gene. The overall prevalence of hydatid cysts was 3.9% in cattle, 2.9% in pigs and none of the goats were found with cysts. All cysts collected from cattle and pigs were identified as Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) with a minimum homology of 99% on BLAST analysis. Our results confirm the presence of E. ortleppi in cattle and pigs in southern Mozambique at a low prevalence and further studies are recommended to determine the risk factors favoring the transmission of this zoonotic parasite in the resource-poor livestock farming communities of this region.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the cooperation of slaughterhouses/ slabs inspectors and the districts extension officers.

Funding

This research work was partly supported by Fogarty International Centre, Office of the Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW010135 and D43TW010568 and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Fogarty International Centre or the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

    R. D. Miambo & S. M. S. Afonso

  2. School of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa

    R. D. Miambo, M. P. Malatji & S. Mukaratirwa

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

    E. V. Noormahomed

  4. Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique

    E. V. Noormahomed

  5. Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA

    E. V. Noormahomed

  6. Foundational Research and Services, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    M. P. Malatji

  7. One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis

    S. Mukaratirwa

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  1. R. D. Miambo
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  3. E. V. Noormahomed
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Contributions

RDM, SMSA and SM conceived and designed the experiments. RDM collected the samples from the field. RDM, SMSA, MPM and SM performed the experiments. RDM and MPM analysed the data. RDM wrote the article. RDM, SMSA, EVN, MPM and SM read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to R. D. Miambo.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

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This research has been approved by the Research Council of the Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards.

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Miambo, R.D., Afonso, S.M.S., Noormahomed, E.V. et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of cystic hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered in southern Mozambique. J Parasit Dis 46, 186–195 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-021-01434-6

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