Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Survey on efficacy of chloroformic extract of Artemisia annua against Giardia lamblia trophozoite and cyst in vitro

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Parasitic Diseases Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Giardiasis is a parasitic cosmopolitan disease that the rate of infection in developing countries is considerable. This infection directly is associated with poor hygienic conditions, poor water quality control, and overcrowding. Reinfection and drug resistance are two major problems in endemic areas. Recently, researchers are concentrating on herbal drugs as a proper solution. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to survey on efficacy of chloroformic extract of Artemisia annua against Giardia lamblia trophozoite and cyst in vitro. G. lamblia cysts were prepared from faces of giardiasis patients from different hospitals of Mazandaran Medical University. Four concentrations (1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml) of chloroformic extract of A. annua were utilized for 1, 5, 30, 60 and 180 min. Viability of G. lamblia cysts was confirmed by 0.1 % Eosin staining. Cyst and trophozoite contact (intermix) of G. lamblia with extract of A. annua with variant concentrations (1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml) after 1 and 180 min caused following cyst and trophozoite elimination rates: (67, 69, 71 and 73 %), (65, 67, 67 and 72 %), (94, 96, 97 and 99 %) and (100, 100, 100 and 100 %), respectively. Authors from the current investigation draw a conclusion that chloroformic extract of A. annua has the ability to eliminate G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in vitro.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arab HA, Rahbari S, Rassouli A, Moslemi MH, Khosravirad F (2006) Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extract in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 38:497–503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey LH, Bailey EZ (1976) Hortus third. MacMillan Publ Co, New York, pp 145–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham AK, Jarroll EL Jr, Meyer EA, Radulescu S (1979) Giardia sp.: physical factors of excystation in vitro, and excystation versus eosin exclusion as determinants of viability. Exp Parasitol 47:284–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bone K, Morgan M (1992) Clinical applications of ayurvedic and Chinese herbs: monographs for the Western herbal practitioner. Phytotherapy Press, Warwick, pp 7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisibe EA, Umoren UE, Owai PU, Brisibe F (2008) Dietary inclusion of dried Artemisia annua leaves for management of coccidiosis and growth enhancement in chickens. Afr J Biol 7:4083–4092

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calzada F, Mulia LY, Aguilarb A (2006) In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. J Ethnopharm 108:367–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chawla B, Madhubala R (2010) Drug targets in Leishmania. J Parasit Dis 34:1–13

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Choubisa SL, Jaroli VJ, Choubisa P, Mogra N (2012) Intestinal parasitic infection in Bhil tribe of Rajasthan. India J Parasit Dis 36:143–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurra M, Torres D, Martinez L (2001) Validación del uso tradicional de plantas medicinales cultivadas en Cuba. Rev Cubana Plant Med 2:48–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilen TT, White NJ (1993) Qinghaosu. Lancet 341:603–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorge FS, Ferreira L, Devanand LL, Saki T, Heyerick A (2010) Flavonoids from Artemisia annua as Antioxidants and Their Potential Synergism with Artemisinin against Malaria and Cancer. Molecules 15:3135–3170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kappus KD (1994) Intestinal parasitism in the United States: update on a continuing problem. Am J Hyg Trop med 50:705–713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keister DB (1983) Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia in TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with bile. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77:487–488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laarman JJ, Hautus M, Abdillahi H (1986) Isolation of stocks of Giardia lamblia from stools and their use in the determination of specific immunoglobulins in patient sera. Trop Geo Med 38:320

    Google Scholar 

  • Larry SR, Janovy J (2006) Foundations of parasitology, 7th edn. McmGraw, Hill companies, New York 590

    Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Mo W, Shen D, Sun L, Wang J, Lu S, Gitschier JM, Zhou B (2005) Yeast model uncovers dual roles of mitochondria in the action of artemisinin. PLoS Gen 1:0329–0334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindo JF, Levy VA, Baum MK, Palmer CJ (1998) Epidemiology of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Jamaica. Am J Hyg Trop med 59:717–721

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavi SA, Raeesi A, Faraji L, Youssefi MR, Rahimi MT (2013) A case of misdiagnose of malaria infection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3:748–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendiola J, Bousa M, Perez N, Hernandez H, Torres D (1991) Extracts of Artemisia abrotanum and Artemisia absinthium inhibit growth of Naegleria fowleri in vitro. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85:78–79

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mishina YV, Krishina S, Haynes RK, Meade JC (2007) Artemisinins inhibit Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro growth. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:1852–1854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Oliverira TC, Silva D, Rostkoaska C, Bela SR, Ferro E, Magalhaes PM (2009) Toxoplasma gondii: effects of Artemisia annua L. on susceptibility to infection in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Exp Parasitol 122:233–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahimi-Esboei B, Gholami SH, Azadbakht M, Ziaei H (2012) Effect of Hydroalcholic extract of Artemisia annua on cysts of Giardia lamblia in Invitro. J Mazand Univ Med Sci 22:72–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley RG, Hudson N (1998) Oxidative stress and antimalarial drugs. Curr Biol 8:346–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salvador SF, Guerra MCR, Cardenas BDM, Villarreal JV, Trevino LV (2005) In vitro antiprotozoal activity of the leaves of Artemisia ludoviciana. Fitoterapia 76:466–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sayyari AA, Imanzadeh F, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Karami H, Yaghoobi M (2005) Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Med Health J 11:377

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shanawa BH (1995) Biological and immunological studies on Giardia lamblia (Stiles, 1915). Coll Sci 102:34–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon JE, Chadwick AF, Craker LE (1984) Herbs: an indexed bibliography, 1971–1980. The scientific literature on selected herbs, and aromatic and medicinal plants of the temperate zone. Archon Books, Hamden

    Google Scholar 

  • Utzinger T, Shuhua X, Keiser J, Minggan C, Jiang Z, Tanner M (2001) Current progress in the development and use of artemether for chemoprophylaxis of major human schistosome parasites. Curr Med Chem 8:1841–1859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vries PJ, Dient TK (1996) Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of malaria. Drugs 52:818–836

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • William S, Ramzy F (2008) Testing two antimalarial drugs on Giardia lamblia in experimentally infected Hamsters. Re J Med Sci 41:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright JM, Dunnla P, Upcroft JA (2003) Efficacy of antigiardial drugs. Expert Opin Drug Safe 2:529–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to express their deep gratitude to Mazandaran University of Medical Science and Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Shirzad Golami & Mohammad Taghi Rahimi

  2. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bahman Rahimi-Esboei & Parisa Mousavi

  3. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Zahra Marhaba

  4. Departments of Veterinary Parasitology, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Youssefi

Authors
  1. Shirzad Golami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bahman Rahimi-Esboei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Parisa Mousavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zahra Marhaba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mohammad Reza Youssefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohammad Taghi Rahimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Taghi Rahimi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Golami, S., Rahimi-Esboei, B., Mousavi, P. et al. Survey on efficacy of chloroformic extract of Artemisia annua against Giardia lamblia trophozoite and cyst in vitro. J Parasit Dis 40, 88–92 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0453-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0453-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation