Abstract
In the present study of antimalarial efficacy, aqueous extracts of leaves and unripe fruits of Psidium guajava, leaves of Ocimum sanctum and leaves of Murraya koenigii are evaluated against Plasmodium berghei (chloroquine resistant NK65 strain) infected white albino BALB/c mice. A 7 days oral administration was adopted with different dosage viz., 350 mg, 750 mg and 1,000 mg/kg body weight as treatment schedule along with parasite (Group I) and drug control with Chloroquine, 50 mg/kg body weight (Group II). All the parts were extracted based on the decoction method, which is commonly seen among the villagers/tribes as their usual method of preparation of decoction for most of the ailments. The antimalarial activities were evaluated from the giemsa stained blood smears collected from different treated groups of mice used in this experiment. The antiplasmodial effect that is percent parasitaemia and percent suppression (values in parenthesis) showed by the treated groups of mice at 350 mg/kg b. wt. by the aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaves (Group III) was 19.8 ± 1.22 (73.7 %), P. guajava unripe fruits (Group IV) was 52.7 ± 2.19 (30.0 %), leaves of O. sanctum (Group V) was 64.0 ± 0.73 (15.1 %) and leaves of M. koenigii (Group VI) was 28.9 ± 0.81 (61.6 %) whereas at 750 mg/kg b. wt., it all showed 10.3 ± 0.7 (80.2 %), 26.3 ± 0.52 (65.1 %), 42.0 ± 0.47 (44.2 %) and 14.9 ± 0.46 (71.5 %) whereas at 1,000 mg/kg b. wt. dose, it all showed 9.2 ± 0.39 (85.8 %), 25.6 ± 0.40 (62.0 %), 41.8 ± 0.29 (35.5 %) and 14.0 ± 0.42 (76.9 %) respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Badam L, Deolankar RP, Rojatkar SR, Nagsampgi BA, Wagh UV (1988) In vitro antimalarial activity of medicinal plants of India. J Med Res 87:379–383
Bhat GP, Surolia N (2001) In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of three plants used in the traditional medicine of India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:304–308
Chandel S, Bagai U (2010) Antiplasmodial activity of Ajuga barcteosa against Plsamodium berghei infected BALB/c mice. Indian J Med Res 131:440–444
Eling W, Van Zon A, Jerusalem C (1977) The course of a Plasmodium berghei infection in six different mouse strains. Z Parasitenkd 54:24–45
Ebigwai JK, Edu EA, Obi-iyeke GE, NTA IA (2012) Larvicidal activity of Citrus paradisi Macf. and Murraya koenigii Spheng. (Rutaceae) extracts on microfilaria larva of Simulium yahense. Ann Biol Res 3(4):1985–1987
Franssen FF, Smeijsters LJ, Berger I, Medinilla Aldana BE (1997) In vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in guatemala against malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41(7):1500–1503
Grover IS, Bala S (1993) Studies on antimutagenic effects of guava (Psidium guajava) in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutation Res 300:1–3
Jairaj P, Khoohaswan P, Wongkrajang Y, Peungvicha P, Suriyawong P, Saraya ML, Ruangsomboon O (1999) Anticough and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linn. Leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 67:203–212
Jairaj P, Wongkrajang Y, Thongpraditchote S, Peungvicha P, Bunyapraphatsara N, Opartkiattikul N (2000) Guava leaf extract and topical haemostasis. Phytother Res 14:388–391
Kalra BS, Chawla S, Gupta P, Valecha N (2006) Screening of antimalarial drugs: an overview. Indian J Pharmacol 38:5–12
Klayman DL (1985) An antimalarial drug from China. Science 228:1049–1055
Lozoya X, Becerril G, Martinez M (1990) Modelo de perfusion intraluminal del ileon del cobayo in vitro en el estudio de las propriedades antidiarreicas de la guayaba (Psidium guajava). Arch Inves Med 21:155–162
Lutterodt GD, Maleque A (1988) Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 24:219–231
Matsuo T, Hanamure N, Shimoi K, Nakamura Y, Tomita I (1994) Identification of (+)-galoocatechin as a bio-antimutagenic compound in Psidium guajava leaves. Phytochemistry 36:1027–1029
Meckes M, Calzada F, Tortoriello J, González JL, Martinez M (1996) Terpenoids isolated from Psidium guajava hexane extract with depressant activity on central nervous system. Phytother Res 10:600–603
Misra P, Pal NL, Guru PY, Katiyar JC, Tandon JS (1991) Antimalarial activity of traditional plants against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei. Int J Pharmacog 29:19
Nabarro DN, Tayler EM (1998) The “Roll Back Malaria” campaign. Science 280:2067–2068
Nundkumar N, Ojewole JAO (2002) Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some South African medicinal plants used as antimalarial remedies in zulu folk medicine. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 7:397–401
Obatomi DK, Bikomo EO, Temple VJ (1994) Antidiabetic properties of the African mistletoe in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 43:13–17
Peters W (1987) Chemotherapy and drugs resistance in malaria, vol. 1,2nd edn. Academic Press, London, pp. 110–115
Qian H, Nihorimbere V (2004) Antioxidant power of phytochemicals from Psidium guajava leaf. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 5(6):676–683
Usha Devi C, Valecha Neena, Atul PK, Pillai CR (2001) Antiplasmodial effect of three medicinal plants: a preliminary study. Cur Sci 80(8):917–919
World Health Organisation (2011) World malaria report 2011
Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to Director, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur for carrying out this research and to Dr.Reji Gopalakrishnan for statistical analysis and are sincerely acknowledging the animal house technicians, Shri.Jugindar Basfor and Prashanth Das for their necessary help during the experiments. All the experiments conducted on the laboratory animals were as per the guidelines laid down by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) of Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajendran, C., Begam, M., Kumar, D. et al. Antiplasmodial activity of certain medicinal plants against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium berghei infected white albino BALB/c mice. J Parasit Dis 38, 148–152 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-013-0252-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-013-0252-2