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Device Engineering of Highly-Efficient Eco-Friendly Novel FASnI3 Based Tandem Photovoltaic Cells

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Abstract

Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of Silicon-based Solar Cells (SiSC) has nearly stagnated, which has led to extensive research in area of the Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) as well as their tandem configuration with SiSC to achieve high PCE Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cell (TSC). However, existence of lead together with instability of perovskite is a key challenge which requires exploring non-toxic perovskite material. This work focuses on investigating and optimizing a novel lead-free absorber material Formamidinium Tin Iodide (FASnI3) and a lead-based MAPbI3 for PSCs, analyzing their performance by considering the optimization of absorber thickness, interface defects and electrical properties in standalone configurations; and further, it is followed by realizing tandem configuration of FASnI3 and MAPbI3 based PSC as top cells with SiSC as bottom cell. Two terminal (2-T) monolithic TSC has been designed by calculating transmitted filtered spectrum of top cell through transfer matrix approach & current matching techniques. Through altering the perovskite layer thickness, the present investigation has focused on examining current (JSC) matching conditions in between top PSC & bottom SiSC. The optimized thickness values for FASnI3 and MAPbI3 has been observed to be, respectively, 175 nm and 260 nm. Optimized Standalone PSCs based on FASnI3 and MAPbI3 exhibit PCE of 27.63 % and 30.90 %, respectively. A lead-free TSC with FASnI3 on Si exhibits PCE of 31.99 % (VOC: 2.29 V; JSC: 18.62 mA/cm2) in contrast to a lead-based TSC of MAPbI3 on Si delivering PCE of 40.60 % (VOC: 2.32 V; JSC: 19.30 mA/cm2). This work can be an useful contribution to understand comparative differences between lead-based and lead-free TSC, and to realize lead-free, highly-efficient eco-friendly perovskite-silicon TSC.

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Acknowledgment

Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India (GOI) is thanked by the authors for the financial support given for the current work under the DST SERB Project (File No.SRG/2021/002110). Dr. Amitesh Kumar would like to express his gratitude to DST for awarding a Startup Research Grant. Mr. Parshuram Singh thanks the MIE (Ministry of Education) as well as NIT Patna for the research fellowship. Research facilities have been provided by NIT Patna, for which the authors are grateful.

Funding

Authors acknowledge Department of Science & Technology (DST), Govt. of India for financial assistance provided under DST SERB Project (File No. SRG/2021/002110) to carry out present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India

    Parshuram Singh & Amitesh Kumar

  2. Nextgen Adaptive Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar, India

    Parshuram Singh & Amitesh Kumar

Authors
  1. Parshuram Singh
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  2. Amitesh Kumar
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Contributions

PS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Visualization, Investigation Writing—Original draft preparation. AK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Reviewing and Editing. Visualization, Investigation.

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Correspondence to Amitesh Kumar.

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NA. The work presented in this manuscript is about designing Solar cell. Animals or living things have not been used in any experiments. Consequently, it is not necessary to obtain ethics committee permission.

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Singh, P., Kumar, A. Device Engineering of Highly-Efficient Eco-Friendly Novel FASnI3 Based Tandem Photovoltaic Cells. Silicon 16, 687–701 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02717-8

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