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Fumed Silica Support as a Catalytic Platform, Ni and Mn Oxide Reactive Species for the Selective Hydration of Aromatic Nitriles

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Abstract

Alumina, silica, and fumed silica systems with anchored Ni and Mn active species were produced and the catalytic activity has been studied for nitrile hydration. The powdered sample of the catalysts were treated with heat at 400 and 750 °C after being produced by the chemical impregnation method. The resultant materials were analyzed by powder XRD, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, XPS, UV-Vis-DRS, N2 adsorption, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD techniques. The effect of the calcination temperature, the nature of the support and the content of Mn were examined and the catalytic performance of the systems was evaluated. The initial investigation with 2-cyanopyridine as the reactant discovered that materials with 5.0 wt.% of Mn exhibited increased activity among all obtained samples, depending on the supports and the calcination temperature. The FS-400 samples showed the selective conversion to amide in a shorter duration and the FS5-400 catalyst outperformed the others in 1 h duration. It suggests that the entire conversion occurred in less amount of time as a result of the catalyst's greater surface area, higher dispersion, and efficient diffusion. The optimized system with a relatively low content of transition metals presented remarkable activity for the application of controlled hydration of nitriles.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge, this research work was supported by Vellore Institute of Technology (Vellore) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A3052258) for financial support. In addition, the work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2023R243) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Devi Govindaraj & Buvaneswari Gopal

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Raja Venkatesan & Seong-Cheol Kim

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Asma A. Alothman

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  1. Devi Govindaraj
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  2. Raja Venkatesan
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  3. Seong-Cheol Kim
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  4. Asma A. Alothman
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  5. Buvaneswari Gopal
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Contributions

Devi Govindaraj: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft; Raja Venkatesan: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft; Seong-Cheol Kim: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing; Asma A. Alothman: Formal analysis, Data curation; Buvaneswari Gopal: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Raja Venkatesan or Buvaneswari Gopal.

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Govindaraj, D., Venkatesan, R., Kim, SC. et al. Fumed Silica Support as a Catalytic Platform, Ni and Mn Oxide Reactive Species for the Selective Hydration of Aromatic Nitriles. Silicon 16, 853–866 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02716-9

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