Highly Efficient and Smallest 76-77 GHz CMOS Transceiver on silicon for Collision Detection in Intelligent Transportation System

Abstract

In recent years, Intelligent Transportation Systems have been universally praised for providing a reliable, comfortable, and safe traffic environment to make automobiles and road traffic infrastructure more intelligent. The research presents a low-power, efficient 76-77 GHz millimeter-wave automotive FMCW RADAR and its design on silicon. The 76-77 GHz CMOS-based differential transceiver transmits using an optimised CMOS cross-coupled LC-VCO, MOS capacitor & active inductor-based CMOS Wilkinson Power Divider(WPD), and CMOS differential PA. For optimal frequency, phase noise, and power trade-off of the proposed LC-VCO, control voltage, VDD, and temperature variation on phase noise, frequency shift, and output power have been analysed. A T-network-based Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD) with two series-MOS capacitors and one shunt active-inductor provides high-Q inductance, low power, and high self-resonant frequency. A new differential CMOS cascaded Power Amplifier (PA) addresses CMOS technology’s low-quality factor, low-breakdown voltages, and low output power swing. A novel Class E CMOS PA model uses differential, cascaded, and parallel structural configurations. A new approach to designing an automotive receiver also presents a three-stage millimeter-wave LNA, a doubled balanced mixer with source degeneration, and an Intermediate Frequency(IF) filter. This proposed transceiver consumes a power of 141 mW, 1437x1520 $\mu m^2$ chip size, 17dBm Transmitter output power, 41dB LNA gain, 2.47 LNA Noise Factor(NF), and excellent stability factor. The transceiver result shows the edge of design over existing competing techniques.