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Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Novel Zeolite Nanostructures for the Efficient Removal of Pb(II) and Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Media

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Abstract

Lead and mercury ions cause severe damage to the kidneys, central nervous system, and immunity. Consequently, nepheline hydrate/sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate and paragonite-2M1/sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate novel zeolite adsorbent nanostructures were fabricated using the hydrothermal approach in the absence and presence of a novel Gemini cationic surfactant, respectively. The zeolite adsorbent nanostructures, which were synthesized in the absence and presence of the Gemini cationic surfactant, were abbreviated as ED1 and ED2, respectively. The Gemini cationic surfactant was synthesized by reacting N,N'-(2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dinicotinamide with lauryl-2-chloroaetate. Besides, Gemini cationic surfactant acted as a structure directing agent to convert nepheline hydrate/sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate nanostructures into paragonite-2M1/sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate nanostructures. After that, the Gemini cationic surfactant has been removed from the nanostructures by calcination at 650 °C for 6 h. The chemical structure of gemini cationic surfactant was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The zeolite adsorbent nanostructures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The average crystallite size of the ED1 and ED2 samples was 28.15 and 9.78 nm, respectively. The synthesized zeolite nanostructures were employed for the efficient disposal of Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The maximum removal capacities of the ED1 and ED2 products towards Pb(II) ions are 160.77 and 295.86 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the maximum removal capacities of the ED1 and ED2 products towards Hg(II) ions are 130.89 and 271.00 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions by the ED1 and ED2 products is exothermic, chemical, spontaneous, and fits well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-2nd-order model. The complete desorption of Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions from the ED1 and ED2 samples was accomplished by 1 M of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate solution. Over four consecutive cycles, the removal capacities of the ED1 and ED2 samples remained unchanged, and hence the ED1 and ED2 samples can be utilized multiple times without compromising their efficacy.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research through the project number IFP-IMSIU-2023052. The authors also appreciate the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) for supporting and supervising this project.

Funding

This paper was funded by Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia through the project number IFP-IMSIU-2023052. Also, this paper was supported and supervised by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia

    Ehab A. Abdelrahman

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt

    Ehab A. Abdelrahman & Wagdy El-Dougdoug

  3. Hydrogeochemistry Dept., Desert Research Center, El Mataryia Cairo, 11753, Egypt

    Yousra H. Kotp

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Ehab A. Abdelrahman (Idea, Experimental work- Research writing), Wagdy El-Dougdoug (Synthesis of organic surfactant- Research writing), Yousra H. Kotp (Experimental work- Writing the introduction- Preparing figures and tables). All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ehab A. Abdelrahman.

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Abdelrahman, E.A., El-Dougdoug, W. & Kotp, Y.H. Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Novel Zeolite Nanostructures for the Efficient Removal of Pb(II) and Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Media. Silicon 15, 7453–7475 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02603-3

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