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Developing Nano Silicon-Salicylic Acid Complex for Inducing Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato

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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are of hard-to-manage pests. Eliciting resistance is an interesting approach for crop protection against these parasites. We synthesized a nano-silicon compound based on salicylic acid (n-SiSA) to induce resistance against M. javanica in tomato. The efficiency of n-SiSA in developing resistance was compared to that in non-pretreated plants and plants pretreated with salicylic acid (SA) and sodium silicate (Si). Investigating the growth and health of the plants 30 days following the pretreatments indicated that nematode infection decreased the fresh mass of shoot (-33.2%) and root (-26.0%), and height (-25.6%) of the non-pretreated plants and induced chlorophyll decline (-19.7%) in leaves. The pretreatments reduced infection and reproductive growth of M. javanica and recovered the growth and health of the infected plants. The most successful pretreatment was n-SiSA which resulted in the lowest egg mass (-75.1%), egg number (-46.1%), and root-knot number (-64.3%) and diameter (-48.2%) in the roots compared to the non-pretreated plants. Evaluating the biochemical responses of the plants revealed that SA and n-SiSA pretreatments by inducing H2O2 accumulation (+ 400.9% and + 359.1%), and chitinase (+ 191.1% and + 237.0%) and protease (+ 45.9% and + 39.0%) activities in the roots, induced resistance in the plants. The lack of these responses in the Si-pretreated plants suggested that Si reduced nematode infection by enhancing the physical strength of the root cell wall. The physiological and biochemical responses of the plant to SA and Si pretreatments revealed that n-SiSA induced nematode resistance by activating H2O2-related defense responses and strengthening root cell walls.

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  1. Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Vahid Tavallali

  2. Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Technologies (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran

    Soheil Karimi

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SK participated in the study conception, data collection, and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by SK. The manuscript was written by SK and VT, and the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Soheil Karimi.

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Tavallali, V., Karimi, S. Developing Nano Silicon-Salicylic Acid Complex for Inducing Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato. Silicon 15, 7335–7343 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02589-y

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