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Assessment of Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Cytocompatible Rice Husk-Derived Lignin/Silica Nanohybrids for Bone Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Currently, agro-industrial co-product and waste management by developing new materials have received immense attention. In this way, rice husk (RH), an inexorable co-product of rice mills, generates a considerable quantity worldwide. According to the rice husk chemical composition, it can be served as an excellent eco-friendly, a readily available, sustainable, and renewable precursor for high-value materials. Thus, we have successfully prepared lignin/silica nanohybrids (LiSNHs) using the RH as a bioprecursor through a facile approach in this present study. The RH-derived LiSNHs were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The cytocompatibility behavior of RH-derived LiSNHs was investigated using cell viability and acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining assessment. Furthermore, we have examined the LiSNHs role on the osteogenic differentiation potential in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). TEM images of the LiSNHs display 5 – 35 nm in diameter tiny silica nanostructures conjugated on the lignin spheres with ~ 200 nm. The LiSNHs showed outstanding thermal stability in thermogravimetric analysis. The cell viability and microscopic examination indicate that LiSNHs do not cause any remarkable changes in cell viability and health. Interestingly, the LiSNHs triggers the osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs by up-regulation of BMP-2 and ALP genes expression. The overall study concludes that RH-derived LiSNHs possessed excellent cytocompatibility that enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs, an ideal for bioengineering applications. As well, the agro-industrial waste RH-derived LiSNHs is considered as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications.

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Data Availability

The data used to support the finding of this study are included within the article and in the supplementary data document attached and will be available to the readership of this journal upon publication.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Research Supporting Project (RSP2023R178), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

This study was funded by the Research Supporting Project number (RSP2023R178), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Jegan Athinarayanan, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy & Ali A. Alshatwi

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  1. Jegan Athinarayanan
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  2. Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
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  3. Ali A. Alshatwi
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Contributions

Jegan Athinarayanan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation. Ali A Alshatwi and Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy: Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Reviewing and Editing.

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Correspondence to Ali A. Alshatwi.

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Athinarayanan, J., Periasamy, V.S. & Alshatwi, A.A. Assessment of Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Cytocompatible Rice Husk-Derived Lignin/Silica Nanohybrids for Bone Tissue Engineering. Silicon 15, 7235–7245 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02573-6

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