Abstract
Phytoliths make up the predominant fraction of biogenic silica in plant litter and soils. Thus, they represent a major source of dissolved silicon (Si) in soil-plant systems. Dissolution of phytoliths from Si-accumulating crops such as rice has been well studied in recent years. However, phytolith dissolution in oil-palm plantations remains largely understudied. In this study, we compared dissolution rates of phytoliths isolated from oil-palm fronds, oil-palm litter, and rainforest litter. Our results showed that phytoliths from oil-palm fronds represent an important reservoir of easily dissolvable Si with high dissolution rates (0.44 - 0.69 mg g\(^{-1}\) d\(^{-1}\)). Compared to fresh phytoliths from oil-palm fronds, phytoliths isolated from litter showed up to 18 times lower dissolution rates, reflecting silica aging over time. The dissolution rate of phytoliths isolated from rainforest litter (0.067 mg g\(^{-1}\) d\(^{-1}\)) was significantly higher than that of phytoliths from oil-palm litter (0.038 mg g\(^{-1}\) d\(^{-1}\)). These results demonstrate that transformation of rainforest into oil-palm plantation involves a major change in phytolith production and Si release from litter, considerably altering Si cycling in the soil-plant system. We identified cut-off palm fronds that are usually piled up between the palm rows as most important Si sources maintaining biogeochemical Si cycling in oil-palm plantations.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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14 November 2022
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI), the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and the Ministry of Forestry (PHKA) for research permission in Indonesia. Litter and leaf sampling were conducted using the research permit 110 / SIP / FRP / E5 / Dit.KI / IV / 2018 and 187 / E5 / E5.4 / SIP / 2019. The authors wish to thank our local field assistants in Indonesia Nando, Somat, Daniel and Sofian, as well as Megawati and Yuking for their great support, and PT REKI for providing access to the rainforest research plots. We thank Dr. Jürgen Grotheer, Petra Voigt, Anja Södje and Angelika Mroncz for their valuable help in the laboratory.
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Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This project (project no. 391702217) was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and was associated to the DFG Collaborative Research Centre 990 (project no. 192626868; hhtp://www.uni-goettingen.de/crc990).
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Barbara von der Lühe, Karin Bezler, Harold J. Hughes, Aiyen Tjoa and Daniela Sauer contributed to the study conception and design. Field work was conducted by Britta Greenshields, Daniela Sauer and Barbara von der Lühe. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Barbara von der Lühe and Karin Bezler. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Barbara von der Lühe and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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von der Lühe, B., Bezler, K., Hughes, H.J. et al. Oil-palm and Rainforest Phytoliths Dissolve at Different Rates - with Implications for Silicon Cycling After Transformation of Rainforest Into Oil-palm Plantation. Silicon 15, 1347–1354 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02066-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02066-y