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Silicon Application Enhances the Photosynthetic Pigments and Phenolic/Flavonoid Content by Modulating the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Common Buckwheat under Aluminium Stress

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Abstract

Silicon (Si) is very effective in the amelioration of heavy metal (HM) stress in different crop plants. This investigation was conducted to assess the protective role of Si in modulating aluminium (Al) uptake in 21 days old common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) plants. Exogenous Si (0.5 and 1 mM) treatments were used to study the effect on chlorophyll contents, anthocyanins, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and defence enzymes (phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities) against Al (0.2 and 0.4 mM) treatments. Results indicated that Al phytotoxicity negatively affected the above mentioned parameters while as Si application markedly reduced the phytotoxicity caused by Al3+ ions by improving their contents and increasing defense enzyme activities. Si thus alleviates phytotoxicity caused by Al ions and also promotes the production of phenolic and flavonoid compounds by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The present study revealed that exogenous Si application influenced the phenylpropanoid pathway in common buckwheat irrespective of being an Al tolerant plant thereby decreasing the oxidative damage and enhancing free radical scavenging activity by increasing the production of phenolic and flavonoid compounds under Al stress.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar for allowing us to conduct this research and provides us necessary support in terms of providing logistic and financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190008, India

    Fayaz Ahmad Dar

  2. Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, -190006, India

    Fayaz Ahmad Dar & Reiaz Ul Rehman

  3. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, -190006, India

    Inayatullah Tahir

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  5. Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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FAD, IT and RUR conceived the problem, set up the experimental design and contributed to the writing, reviewing and final preparation of the manuscript. FAD conducted all the experiments, took readings and also performed the data analysis using software programs. KRH has critically analyzed the results and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khalid Rehman Hakeem or Reiaz Ul Rehman.

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Dar, F.A., Tahir, I., Hakeem, K.R. et al. Silicon Application Enhances the Photosynthetic Pigments and Phenolic/Flavonoid Content by Modulating the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Common Buckwheat under Aluminium Stress. Silicon 14, 323–334 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01501-w

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