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Les micronutriments chez le sujet vieillissant

Micronutrients in elderly

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Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

Parmi les facteurs environnementaux qui conditionnent le vieillissement, à côté des activités physiques et des activités sociales qui ont aussi une place prépondérante, la nutrition apparaît comme un élément clef d’un vieillissement harmonieux. Plusieurs études épidémiologiques soulignent le lien entre nutrition et santé chez le sujet vieillissant. La théorie radicalaire du vieillissement postule qu’apparaît avec l’âge une majoration des processus oxydatifs dont l’importance pourrait avoir un rôle dans le vieillissement réussi. Les effets délétères des espèces actives de l’oxygène, associés à un déficit des moyens de défense antiradicalaire de l’organisme, conduisent à une rupture d’équilibre entre systèmes pro-et antioxydant, et favoriseraient la sénescence. D’où l’importance des micronutriments et de leur stabilité dans le processus de vieillissement. Un certain nombre de pathologies chroniques communes chez le sujet âgé seraient en fait la conséquence des dommages radicalaires, principalement de la peroxydation lipidique qui atteint avant tout les membranes biologiques, de la modification des acides nucléiques, et des altérations protéiques portant à la fois sur les protéines de structure et les protéines ayant des fonctions précises (hormones, enzymes). C’est ainsi que l’on atteint le rôle primordial des micronutriments et son rôle essentiel pour la prévention du déficit fonctionnel.

Abstract

Nutrition appears, with exercise and social activities, as a key element of healthy aging. Numerous epidemiological studies and interventional trials have strongly suggested a link, in aging, between an adequate nutritional status and health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR U 557 Inserm/U 1125 Inra/Cnam/Paris 13 UREN-Centre de recherche en nutrition humaine d’Île-de-France, Paris, France

    M. Ferry

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  1. M. Ferry
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Correspondence to M. Ferry.

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Groupe Experts Gériatres en Nutrition (GEGN) de la Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG)

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Ferry, M. Les micronutriments chez le sujet vieillissant. cah. année gerontol. 5, 308–317 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-013-0365-3

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