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Bénéfices pour la santé de la pratique d’une activité physique chez le sujet âgé

Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: a review

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Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

Les sujets âgés représentent un groupe d’âge de la population où la prévalence de la sédentarité est particulièrement élevée. Les bénéfices de la pratique d’une activité régulière en endurance ont pourtant été rapportés chez les sujets d’âge moyen mais également chez les seniors. Il a ainsi pu être observé une baisse significative de la mortalité, une prévention de l’intolérance aux hydrates de carbone, une optimisation du bilan lipidique, une diminution des chiffres tensionnels, une réduction des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) et des syndromes coronariens. Plus novateurs sont les bénéfices de l’activité physique (AP) sur la cognition (réduction possible des cas incidents de maladie d’Alzheimer) et en oncologie, que ce soit en prévention primaire (prévention possible du cancer du sein et du côlon) et en prévention secondaire (possible prévention des récidives). Une réduction des fractures et des chutes a également été rapportée.

Abstract

As the number of elderly persons in our country increases, more attention is being given to geriatric health care needs and successful aging is becoming an increasingly important topic in medical literature. The concept of successful aging is in first line on a preventive approach of care for older people. Promotion of regular physical activity is one of the main non-pharmaceutical measures proposed to older subjects since low rate of physical activity is frequently noticed in this age group. Moderate but regular physical activity is associated with a reduction of total mortality among older people, a positive effect on the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and a significant optimization of the lipid profile. Improvement of body composition with a reduction of fat mass, reduction of blood pressure and prevention of stroke as well as type 2 diabetes are also well established. Prevention of some cancers (especially breast and colon), increase in bone density and prevention of falls are also reported. Moreover, some longitudinal studies suggest that physical activity is linked to a reduced risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer disease in particular.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pôle de gériatrie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67091, Strasbourg cedex, France

    T. Vogel, E. Schmitt & G. Kaltenbach

  2. EA-3072, institut de physiologie, faculté de médecine, université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    T. Vogel & B. Geny

  3. Centre Nescens de médecine préventive, clinique de Genolier, Suisse

    P. O. Lang

  4. Translational medicine research group, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, England

    P. O. Lang

  5. Explorations fonctionnelles, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    B. Geny

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  1. T. Vogel
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  2. P. O. Lang
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  3. E. Schmitt
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  4. G. Kaltenbach
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  5. B. Geny
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Correspondence to T. Vogel.

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Vogel, T., Lang, P.O., Schmitt, E. et al. Bénéfices pour la santé de la pratique d’une activité physique chez le sujet âgé. cah. année gerontol. 5, 257–267 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-013-0360-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-013-0360-8

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