Skip to main content
Log in

La fibrillation atriale chez la personne âgée : actualités de la prise en charge thérapeutique selon les dernières recommandations (2012) de la Société européenne de cardiologie : focus sur le traitement anticoagulant

Atrial fibrillation among elderly patients: therapy application news in the light of the latest recommendations (2012) from European Society of Cardiology: focus on anticoagulant treatment

  • Mise au Point / Update
  • Published:
Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

La fibrillation atriale (FA) est le trouble du rythme le plus fréquent chez la personne âgée. Elle est associée à un risque accru d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC), de décompensation cardiaque, d’altération de la qualité de vie ainsi qu’à un excès de mortalité. La prévention des AVC cardioemboliques secondaires à la FA représente ainsi un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Le traitement anticoagulant oral par antivitamines K (AVK) a montré depuis plusieurs décennies un rapport bénéfice/risque favorable pour la prévention des AVC cardioemboliques, tout particulièrement chez les personnes âgées qui présentent un risque plus élevé d’AVC en présence d’une FA, comparativement aux sujets plus jeunes. Pourtant, 30 % environ des sujets âgés en FA ne reçoivent pas d’anticoagulation, sans contre-indication apparente. De nouvelles recommandations de la Société européenne de cardiologie émises en 2012 préconisent l’introduction du traitement anticoagulant (AVK ou nouveaux anticoagulants [NACO] dès un score CHA2DS2-VASc égal à 1 [excepté les femmes de moins de 65 ans présentant une FA isolée]). Les NACO sont désormais indiqués en première intention suite aux résultats de plusieurs essais de noninfériorité versus coumadine. Il convient de rappeler qu’aucun de ces essais n’a inclus à ce jour à large échelle des sujets de plus de 80 ans, de surcroît polypathologiques, polymédiqués et présentant des syndromes gériatriques. Dans de telles populations âgées, la prudence est donc de mise (primum non nocere) quant à la prescription des NACO d’autant plus que les personnes âgées concernées présentent un faible poids et/ou une altération de la fonction rénale.

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently seen heart problem among elderly people. It is associated with an increased risk of cerebral vascular accidents (CVA), cardiac decompensation, worsened quality of life and increased mortality. The prevention of cardio-embolic CVAs secondary to AF therefore represents a major challenge to public health. For several decades now, oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists) have been shown to have a favourable benefit/ risk ratio for the prevention of cardio-embolic CVAs, especially among elderly people who present a higher risk of a CVA with the presence of AF, compared to younger patients. However, around 30% of elderly patients with AF do not receive anticoagulant treatment, with no apparent contraindications. New recommendations from the European Cardiology Society published in 2012 favour the introduction of anticoagulant treatment (vitamin K antagonists or new anticoagulants [NACO] with a CHA2DS2-VASc score equal to 1 [except for women under the age of 65 with an isolated AF]). NACOs are now indicated in first intention following the results of a number of non-inferiority tests versus coumadin. Please note that none of these tests have yet included a wide range of patients over the age of 80, or with multiple pathologies, multiple medical problems or presenting geriatric syndromes. In these elderly demographics, care is therefore taken (first do no harm) regarding the prescription of NACOs where the elderly patients in question have a low body weight and/or altered kidney function.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Références

  1. Chugh SS, Blackshear JL, Shen WK, et al (2001) Epidemiology and natural history of atrial fibrillation: clinical implications. Am Coll Cardiol 37:371–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Charlemagne A, Blacher J, Cohen A, et al (2011) Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in France: extrapolation of international epidemiological data to France and analysis of French hospitalization data. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 104:115–124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, et al (1998) Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Risk of Death. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98:946–952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Saxena R, Lewis S, Berge E, et al (2001) Risk of Early Death and Recurrent Stroke and Effect of Heparin in 3169 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 32: 2333–2337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Thacker EL, McKnight B, Psaty BM, et al (2013) Atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study. Neurology 81:119–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Udompanich S, Lip GY, Apostolakis S, Lane DA (2013) Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: a semisystematic review. QJM [Epub ahead of print]

    Google Scholar 

  7. Leys D, Hénon H, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Pasquier F (2005) Poststroke dementia. Lancet Neurol 4:752–759

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Healey JS, Connolly SJ (2003) Atrial fibrillation: hypertension as a causative agent, risk factor for complications, and potential therapeutic target. Am J Cardiol 91:9G–14G

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Nieuwlaat R, Capucci A, Camm AJ, et al (2005) Atrial fibrillation management: a prospective survey in ESC member countries: the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Eur Heart J 26:2422–2434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, et al (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 33:2719–2747

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fang MC, Chen J, Rich MW (2007) Atrial fibrillation in the elderly. Am J Med 120:481–487

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM): site consultable à l’adresse suivante en août 2013: http://ansm.sante.fr/

  13. Bauersachs RM (2012) Use of anticoagulants in elderly patients. Thromb Res 129:107–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Steinberg BA, Kim S, Piccini JP, et al (2013) Use and Associated Risks of Concomitant Aspirin Therapy with Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from the ORBIT-AF Registry. Circulation (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Vogel T, Coriol V, Kaltenbach G, et al (2008) Prospective study of oral anticoagulation control in 110 very elderly hospitalized patients and of risk factors for poor control. Presse Med 37:1723–1730

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hart RG, Benavente O, Mc Bride R, et al (1999) Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 131:492–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Singer DE, Chang Y, Fang MC, et al (2009) The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 151:297–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Apostolakis S, Lane DA, Guo Y, et al (2012) Performance of the HEMORR(2)HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED bleeding risk-prediction scores in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing anticoagulation: the AMADEUS (evaluating the use of SR34006 compared to warfarin or acenocoumarol in patients with atrial fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:861–867

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al (2009) Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361:1139–1151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, et al (2011) Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 123:2363–2372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Connolly SJ, Wallentin L, Ezekowitz MD, et al (2013) The Long-Term Multicenter Observational Study of Dabigatran Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (RELY-ABLE) Study. Circulation 128:237–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:883–891

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Halperin JL, Wojdyla D, Piccini JP, et al (2012) Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban Compared with Warfarin Among Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in the ROCKET-AF Trial. Abstract 148. Stroke 43:A148

    Google Scholar 

  24. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al (2011) Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365:981–992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Antman EM, et al (2010) Evaluation of the novel factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: design and rationale for the Effective aNticoaGulation with factor xA next GEneration in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction study 48 (ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48). Am Heart J 160:635–641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Miller CS, Grandi SM, Filion KB, et al (2012) Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 110:453–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, et al (2013) European heart rhythm association practical guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 15:625–651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Deedwania PC (2013) New oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 126:289–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lafuente-Lafuente C, Pautas É, Belmin (2013) Anticoagulation of older patients: what is new? Presse Med 42:187–196

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Stangier J, Stähle H, Rathgen K, Fuhr R (2008) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the direct oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran in healthy elderly subjects, Clin Parmacokinet 47:47–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Vogel.

About this article

Cite this article

Vogel, T., Suna-Enache, C., Andrès, E. et al. La fibrillation atriale chez la personne âgée : actualités de la prise en charge thérapeutique selon les dernières recommandations (2012) de la Société européenne de cardiologie : focus sur le traitement anticoagulant. cah. année gerontol. 5, 245–256 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-013-0355-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-013-0355-5

Mots clés

Keywords

Navigation