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Cognition et fragilité chez la personne âgée

Cognition and frailty in the elderly

  • Article Original / Original Article
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Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

Le déclin cognitif joue un rôle important dans le concept de fragilité de la personne âgée. Il est physiologique s’il est mineur et limité aux capacités attentionnelles et à la vitesse de traitement des informations, pathologique s’il induit un trouble cognitif léger ou un syndrome démentiel. La cognition est influencée par de multiples facteurs organiques et psychologiques pouvant s’intégrer à des maladies neurodégénératives ou neurovasculaires, à des comorbidités ou à l’iatrogénie, chacun de ces facteurs pouvant participer à d’autres composantes du syndrome de fragilité. La phase prédémentielle induite par la plupart des maladies neurodégénératives, telles la maladie d’Alzheimer ou la maladie à corps de Lewy, est associée à un risque de décompensation brutale d’un statut cognitif fragile illustrée par une confusion. Cette confusion représente alors un véritable marqueur de fragilité cognitive. Cette diminution de la réserve cognitive doit être repérée afin de mettre en place les mesures de prévention secondaire, en particulier de la dépendance et des symptômes comportementaux.

Abstract

Cognitive decline plays a fundamental role in the concept of frailty in the elderly. This decline is physiological if it is only minor and limited to attention span capacity and the speed at which information is processed; however, it becomes pathological when it leads to slight cognitive issues or dementia. Cognition is influenced by a number of organic and psychological factors, which can be associated with neurodegenerative or neurovascular diseases, with comorbidities or iatrogenic effects; each one of these factors possibly contributing to other components of frailty syndrome. The pre-dementia phase, brought about by the majority of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Dementia with Lewy Bodies, is associated with a risk of sudden decompensation in fragile cognitive status which is illustrated by confusion. This confusion thus represents a true marker for cognitive frailty. This reduction in cognitive reserve must be identified so as to implement secondary prevention measures, specifically concerning dependency and behavioural symptoms.

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Correspondence to P. Krolak-Salmon.

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Krolak-Salmon, P. Cognition et fragilité chez la personne âgée. cah. année gerontol. 4, 13–16 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-012-0257-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-012-0257-y

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