Skip to main content
Log in

Difficultés de la prise en charge du patient âgé en médecine d’urgence

Problems in the management of elderly patients in the emergency department

  • Mise au Point / Update
  • Published:
Les cahiers de l'année gérontologique

Résumé

Les urgences représentent, en France, une autoroute d’accès aux soins pour les patients. Parmi eux, les patients âgés sont surreprésentés. Or, la médecine d’urgence des personnes âgées peut être difficile. Associant vulnérabilité liée à l’âge, pathologies sévères et polypathologie, elle se heurte aux difficultés liées aux conditions mêmes de l’urgence: manque de temps disponible pour reconstituer des situations complexes, pour contacter l’entourage et le médecin référent, pour reconnaître la pathologie en cause derrière l’atypie ou encore pour permettre un examen clinique exhaustif. Ainsi, le caractère d’urgence expose particulièrement les patients âgés à des difficultés dans la performance diagnostique autant qu’à un risque iatrogène qui se rencontre d’ailleurs durant tout le parcours de soins de ces patients vulnérables.

Abstract

In France, the emergency department provides a fast route for patients to gain access to care. Elderly patients are over-represented in this population. However, emergency medicine in the elderly can be difficult. Not only is there the combination of age-related vulnerability, severe disease and multiple pathology, but there is also a need to cope with problems that arise from the nature of the emergency department itself. Insufficient time is available to assess complex situations, to contact the family and the general practitioner, to recognise the disease underlying an atypical presentation and even to allow for a thorough clinical examination. Thus, the nature of the emergency department exposes the elderly patient, in particular, to problems of diagnostic accuracy, just as much as to the dangers of iatrogenicity, which are present throughout the care pathway in these vulnerable patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Références

  1. Aminzadeh F, Dalziel WB (2002) Older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions. Ann Emerg Med 39(3):238–247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Baubeau D, Carrasco V (2003) Les usagers des urgences: premiers résultats d’une enquête nationale. Étude et résultats — Drees 212

  3. Sinoff G, Clarfield AM, Bergman H, Beaudet M (1998) A two-year follow-up of geriatric consults in the emergency department. J Am Geriatr Soc 46(6):716–720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wass A, Zoltie N (1996) Changing patterns in accident and emergency attenders. J Accid Emerg Med 13(4):269–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Samaras N, Chevalley T, Samaras D, Gold G (2010) Older patients in the emergency department: a review. Ann Emerg Med 56(3):261–269

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Fan JS, Kao WF, Yen DH, et al (2007) Risk factors and prognostic predictors of unexpected intensive care unit admission within 3 days after ED discharge. Am J Emerg Med 25:1009–1014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Byrne DG, Chung SL, Bennett K, Silke B (2010) Age and outcome in acute emergency medical admissions. Age Ageing 39:694–698

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lakatta EG, Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: part I: aging arteries: a “set up” for vascular disease. Circulation 107:139–146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP (1997) Hormones and bones. Lancet 349(Suppl 1):sl20–s123

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al (2010) Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39:412–423

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shigemoto K, Kubo S, Mori S, et al (2010) Muscle weakness and neuromuscular junctions in aging and disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 10(Suppl 1):S137–S147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hof P, Mobbs CV (2011) Homeostasis: hypothalamus and related systems. Functional neurobiology of aging. Academic Press, pp 739–937

  13. Le Caer H (2006) CBNPC et personnes âgées. Quels critères de sélection ? Rev Mal Respir 23(5 Pt 3):16S88–16S94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bo M, Massaia M, Raspo S, et al (2003) Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in older patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:529–533

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Salamon R, Dartigues JF (1999) Épidémiologie de la maladie d’Alzheimer: l’expérience Paquid. Bull Acad Natl Med 183(1):129–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Elie M, Rousseau F, Cole M, et al (2000) Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients. CMAJ 163:977–981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hustey FM, Meldon SW (2002) The prevalence and documentation of impaired mental status in elderly emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med 39(3):248–253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Flacker JM, Marcantonio ER (1998) Disease management. Drugs Aging 13(2):119–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Naughton BJ, Moran MB, Kadah H, et al (1995) Delirium and other cognitive impairment in older adults in an emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 25(6):751–755

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Naughton BJ, Moran M, Ghaly Y, et al (1997) Computed tomography scanning and delirium in elder patients. Acad Emerg Med 4(12):1107–1110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gavazzi G, Krause KH (2002) Ageing and infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2:659–666

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Then KL, Rankin JA, Fofonoff RN (2001) A typical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in 3 age groups. Heart Lung 30:285–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Cannon CP, et al (2007) Acute coronary care in the elderly, part I: non-STsegment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115:2549–2569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Alexander KP, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, et al (2007) Acute coronary care in the elderly, part II: STsegment-elevation myocardial infarction: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Circulation 115:2570–2589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ray P, Riou B (2007) Natriuretic peptide levels in patients with severe sepsis, septic shock, and acute heart failure. Crit Care Med 35(2):683–684

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yoshikawa TT (2000) Epidemiology and unique aspects of aging and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 30:931–933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Elie M, Rousseau F, Cole M, et al (2000) Prevalence and detection of delirium in elderly emergency department patients. CMAJ 163:977–981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Han JH, Zimmerman EE, Cutler N, et al (2009) Delirium in older emergency department patients: recognition, risk factors, and psychomotor subtypes. Acad Emerg Med 16:193–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ray P, Birolleau S, Lefort Y, et al (2006) Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis. Crit Care 10:R82

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Jones JS, Veenstra TR, Seamon JP, et al (1997) Elder mistreatment: national survey of emergency physicians. Ann Emerg Med 30:473–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Harrold LR, et al (2003) Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting. JAMA 289(9):1107–1116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, et al (2004) Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: prospective analysis of 18,820 patients. BMJ 329:15–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Alarcon T, Bárcena A, González-Montalvo JI (1999) Factors predictive of outcome on admission to an acute geriatric ward. Age Ageing 28(5):429–432

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hastings SN, Schmader KE, Sloane RJ, et al (2008) Quality of pharmacotherapy and outcomes for older veterans discharged from the emergency department. J Am Geriatr Soc 56(5):875–880

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Forest.

About this article

Cite this article

Forest, A., Cohen-Bittan, J., Ray, P. et al. Difficultés de la prise en charge du patient âgé en médecine d’urgence. cah. année gerontol. 3, 43–47 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-011-0176-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12612-011-0176-3

Mots clés

Keywords

Navigation