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État des connaissances sur les contaminants dans le lait maternel

Current knowledge on contaminants in breast milk

  • Mise Au Point / Update
  • Published:
Revue de médecine périnatale

Résumé

Une exposition anténatale est souvent à l’origine des effets indésirables des xénobiotiques. La femme allaitante et l’enfant allaité sont une population cible à risque. Les données publiées ont donné lieu à une liste de 17 polluants de l’environnement susceptibles de se retrouver dans le lait maternel et a permis d’établir une classification du risque en cas d’allaitement maternel. Ces données sont parfois contradictoires. À ce jour, l’allaitement maternel doit être favorisé malgré un environnement pollué et le risque de contamination car il apporte en plus de sa qualité nutritionnelle unique, un effet « protecteur » sur l’enfant via ses propriétés biologiques spécifiques. En revanche, il est essentiel de conseiller la population et surtout les sujets à risque tels que les femmes enceintes et allaitantes, sur leur alimentation et leur environnement proche. Ceci devrait être complété par une politique de santé publique active visant à limiter l’émission de xénobiotiques dans l’environnement et à une formation des professionnels sur le sujet.

Abstract

Antenatal exposition could produce xenobiotic side-effects on lactating women and breastfeeding children, they are a vulnerable target about these risks in a high susceptibility window. Sparse and contradictory data are available for health professional and a list could describe 17 pollutants classified at risk during breastfeeding. Lactation must be encouraged although pollution still exists to its protecting effects on breastfed children against infections and other diseases. Still nowadays, right and well balanced public health advices are needed about nutrition with public health policies and laws to reduce contaminant pollutant productions and emissions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de médecine préventive, Orléans Métropole, place de l’Étape, F-45000, Orléans, France

    R. Serreau

  2. Institut Léonard de Vinci, 12 avenue Léonard de Vinci, F-92400, Courbevoie, France

    R. Serreau

  3. Service de néonatalogie, hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades-Paris, Paris, France

    V. Rigourd

  4. Sage-femme pharmacologue, Lille, France

    B. Pommeret

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  1. R. Serreau
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  2. V. Rigourd
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  3. B. Pommeret
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Correspondence to R. Serreau.

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Serreau, R., Rigourd, V. & Pommeret, B. État des connaissances sur les contaminants dans le lait maternel. Rev. med. perinat. 9, 146–156 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12611-017-0422-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12611-017-0422-z

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