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Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Refeeding Syndrome in Older Hospitalized Patients

The journal of nutrition, health & aging volume 22, pages 321–327 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

The incidence of refeeding syndrome (RFS) in older patients is not well-known. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of known risk factors for RFS in older individuals during hospitalization at geriatric hospital departments.

Design and setting

342 consecutive older participants (222 females) who admitted at acute geriatric hospital wards were included in a cross-sectional study. We applied the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria for determining patients at risk of RFS. In addition, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA®-SF) was used to identify patients at risk of malnutrition. Weight and height were assessed. The degree of weight loss was obtained by interview. Serum phosphate, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, creatinine and urea were analyzed according to standard procedures.

Results

Of 342 older participants included in the study (mean age 83.1 ± 6.8, BMI range of 14.7–43.6 kg/m2), 239 (69.9%) were considered to be at risk of RFS, in which 43.5% and 11.7% were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively, according to MNA-SF. Patients in the risk group had significantly higher weight loss, lower phosphate and magnesium levels. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, low levels of phosphate and magnesium followed by weight loss were the major risk factors for fulfilling the NICE criteria.

Conclusion

The incidence of risk factors for RFS was relatively high in older individuals acutely admitted in geriatric hospital units, suggesting that, RFS maybe more frequent among older persons than we are aware of. Patients with low serum levels of phosphate and magnesium and higher weight loss are at increased risk of RFS. The clinical characteristics of the older participants at risk of RFS indicate that these patients had a relatively poor nutritional status which can help us better understand the potential scale of RFS on admission or during the hospital stay.

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Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Hölkeskampring 40, D-44625, Herne, Germany

    Maryam Pourhassan & R. Wirth

  2. Geriatric Center, Karlstruhe, Germany

    I. Cuvelier

  3. Department of Internal Medicine IV, Donaueschingen, Germany

    I. Gehrke

  4. Christophsbad Clinic, Depatment of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Göppingen, Germany

    C. Marburger

  5. Sana Hanse-Clinic, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Wismar, Germany

    M. K. Modreker

  6. Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany

    D. Volkert

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Malteser Hospital St. Josefshospital, Uerdingen, Germany

    H. P. Willschrei

Authors
  1. Maryam Pourhassan
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  2. I. Cuvelier
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  3. I. Gehrke
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  4. C. Marburger
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  5. M. K. Modreker
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  6. D. Volkert
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  7. H. P. Willschrei
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  8. R. Wirth
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Correspondence to Maryam Pourhassan.

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Pourhassan, M., Cuvelier, I., Gehrke, I. et al. Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Refeeding Syndrome in Older Hospitalized Patients. J Nutr Health Aging 22, 321–327 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0917-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0917-0

Key words

  • Refeeding syndrome
  • older persons
  • malnutrition
  • hypophosphatemia