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Plasmid-Associated Bacteriocin Produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Smoked Salmon: Partial Characterization and Some Aspects of his Mode of Action

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Abstract

Strain ST3Ha, isolated from commercially available smoked salmon, was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus based on biochemical and physiological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Strain ST3Ha produces a class IIa bacteriocin active against lactic acid bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis. The antimicrobial peptide was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, confirming his proteinaceous nature, but was not affected when treated with α-amylase, SDS, Tween 20, Tween 80, urea, and EDTA. No change in activity was recorded after 2 h at pH values between 2.0 and 9.0 and after treatment at 100 °C for 120 min or 121 °C for 15 min. The mode of action against Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii ATCC 19119 and E. faecalis ATCC 19443 was bactericidal, resulting in cell lyses and enzyme leakage. The highest level of activity (1.6 × 106 AU/mL) was recorded when cells were grown at 37 °C or 30 °C in MRS broth (pH 6.5). Antimicrobial peptide ST3Ha adsorbs at high levels to the sensitive test organisms on strain-specific manner and depending on incubation temperature, environmental pH, and presence of supplemented chemicals. Based on PCR analysis, P. pentosaceus ST3Ha harbor a 1044-bp plasmid-associated fragment corresponding in size to that recorded for pediocin PA-1. Sequencing of the fragment revealed a gene identical to pedB, reported for pediocin PA-1. The combined application of the low levels (below MIC) of ciprofloxacin and bacteriocin ST3Ha results in the synergetic effect in the inhibition of L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii ATCC 19119. Expressed by P. pentosaceus ST3Ha, bacteriocin was characterized as low cytotoxic, a characteristic relevant for its application in food industry and/or in human and veterinary medical practices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Sao Paulo University (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil) and Handong Global University (Pohang, Republic of Korea) for providing infrastructure.

Funding

Program for Visiting Professors at the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (2016.1.920.93).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ProBacLab, Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea

    Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov

  2. ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil

    Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov

  3. CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior de Tecnologia E Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana Do Castelo, Portugal

    Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov & Manuela Vaz-Velho

  4. Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov & Iskra Vitanova Ivanova

  5. Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon 2, Piso 4, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Monica Wachsman

  6. Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela

    Elisabetta Tomé

Authors
  1. Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
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  2. Monica Wachsman
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  3. Elisabetta Tomé
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  4. Manuela Vaz-Velho
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  5. Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
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Contributions

Concept: SDT, IVI. Experimental work: SDT, MW. Data analysis: SDT, ET, MW, MV, IVI. Funds: SDT. Writing of the manuscript: SDT. Corrections and editing: MV, ET, IVI, SDT.

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Correspondence to Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov.

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Todorov, S.D., Wachsman, M., Tomé, E. et al. Plasmid-Associated Bacteriocin Produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus Isolated from Smoked Salmon: Partial Characterization and Some Aspects of his Mode of Action. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 16, 394–412 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10059-5

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